brutal scenes

coach passengers entering salisbury even so late as 1835 were sometimes witnesses of shocking scenes that, however picturesque they might have rendered medi?val times, were brutalising and degrading in a civilised era. almost every year of the nineteenth century up to that date was fruitful in executions. in 1801 there were ten: seven for the crime of sheep-stealing, one for horse-stealing, one for stealing a calf, and one for highway robbery. the practice of hanging criminals on the scenes of their crimes afforded spectacles of the most extraordinary character, as instanced in the procession that accompanied two murderers, george carpenter and george ruddock, from fisherton gaol, on the north-west of the city, to the place of their execution on warminster down, 15th march 1813. such parades were senseless, since no one ever dreamed of a rescue being attempted; but, all the same, the condemned men, placed in a cart and accompanied by a clergyman preaching of kingdom come, preceded by the hangman and followed by eight men carrying two coffins, were escorted all the way by a troop of wiltshire yeomanry, followed by some two hundred constables and local gentlemen, all walking and carrying white staves; with bailiffs, sheriffs, under-sheriffs, magistrates, a hundred mounted squires, a posse of ‘javelin men,’ more clergymen, the gaoler and his assistants, more javelin men and sheriff’s officers, more yeomanry, and, at last, bringing up the rear, a howling mob,{180} numbering many thousands. as for the central objects in this show, ‘they died penitent,’ we are told; and indeed they could do nothing less, seeing to what trouble they had thus put a goodly proportion of the county.

executions for all manner of crimes were so many that it would be idle to detail them; but some stand out prominently by reason of their circumstances. for example, the hanging of robert turner watkins in 1819, for a murder near purton, presents a lurid scene. his wife had died of a broken heart shortly after his arrest, and his mother was among the spectators of his end. the same kind of procession accompanied him across salisbury plain to the place of execution, and a similar mob made the occasion a holiday. mother and son were able to bid one another farewell, owing to an unexpected halt on the road; and when they made a halt for the refreshments which the long journey demanded, the condemned man’s children were brought to him.

‘mammy is dead,’ said one. ‘ah!’ replied the man, ‘and so will your daddy be, shortly.’ at the fatal spot he prayed with the chaplain, and was allowed to read to the people a psalm which he had chosen. it was psalm 108, which, on reference, will not prove to be particularly appropriate to the occasion. then he blessed the fifteen thousand or so present, felt the rope, and remarked that it could only kill the body, and was turned off, amid the sudden and unexpected breaking of one of the most terrific thunderstorms ever experienced on the plain.

humane juries

they hanged a gipsy, one joshua shemp, in 1801,{181} for stealing a horse, and afterwards discovered that he was innocent, according to a monument still to be seen in odstock churchyard. in 1802 john everett suffered death for uttering forged bank-notes, followed in 1820 by william lee, who died for the same offence. so late as 1835, two men were hanged for arson; but public opinion had already been aroused against such severity, judges and juries taking every advantage offered by faults in the drawing up of indictments to acquit all those criminals not guilty of murder whose crimes were then met by capital punishment. the statutes left no choice but death for the convicted incendiary, the horse-or sheep-stealer, and many another; and so many a guilty person was acquitted by judges and juries horrified by the thought of incurring blood-guiltiness by sending such men to the scaffold. the law allowed loopholes for escape, and so when the straw-rick, to which a prisoner was charged with setting fire, was proved to have been hay, he was found ‘not guilty.’ blackstone called this action taken by juries ‘pious perjury,’ and so it certainly was when, to avoid shedding blood, they used to find ￡5 and ￡10 notes which prisoners sometimes were charged with stealing, to be articles to the value of twelvepence or a few shillings, according as the case required.

the last lawless scenes around salisbury were enacted at the close of 1830, when the so-called ‘machinery riots,’ which had spread all over the country, culminated here in fights between the wiltshire yeomanry and the discontented agricultural labourers, who, fearing that steam machinery, then{182}

image unavailable: st. anne’s gate, salisbury.

st. anne’s gate, salisbury.

alderbury

beginning to be adopted, was about to take away their livelihood, scoured the country in bands, wrecking and burning farmsteads and barns. the ‘battle of bishop down,’ on the exeter road between ‘winterslow hut’ and salisbury, was fought on 23rd november, and was caused by the collision of a large body of rioters who were marching to the city with the avowed object of pillaging it, and a mixed force of yeomanry and special constables. all the coaches, together with every other kind of traffic, were brought to a standstill. stone-throwing on the part of the rioters, and bludgeoning by the special{183} constables were succeeded by charges of the yeomanry, and the contest resulted in the capture of twenty-two rioters, who were locked up in fisherton gaol. the next day a number of rioters were surprised in the ‘green dragon inn,’ alderbury, and marched off to prison; and the day after, twenty-five were taken in a fight near tisbury, after one of their number had been killed. there were no fewer than three hundred and thirty prisoners awaiting trial when the special commissioners arrived for that purpose on 27th december. many of the prisoners were transported, and others had short terms of imprisonment; but a leader, called ‘commander’ coote, who was captured by two constables at the compasses, rockbourn, was hanged at winchester.