the principality of hurrur.

not many weeks had elapsed since certain substantial merchants of hurrur, after visiting the shrine at medina, and making a long and profitable sojourn in alio amba, had returned to their native land to enjoy the honours attaching to their religious pilgrimage. slaves, ivory, and precious gums had been disposed of to great advantage in arabia, and the proceeds invested in beads, berillés, and broad-cloth, with which the enterprising traders landed at the maritime town of tajúra. proceeding thence to efát, they embarked their gains in slaves, mules, and cotton cloths; and designing to pass the residue of their days in ease and affluence, set out by way of hurrur for the great annual fair at berbera.

in advance of the time, however, these luckless individuals had ventured to speculate to their envious countrymen upon the advantage to be derived from foreign traffic and the presence of the white man. the incautious word had caught the ear of abdel yonag, the wily chief of the hurrurhi, and letters were secretly despatched to his master the ameer, representing the wealthy hajjis to be men of turbulent and ambitious views, who had devised dangerous innovations, and were plotting, with the ada?el, the monopoly of the commerce in slaves. with hearts bounding at the sight of their native minarets, and utterly unconscious of the slander that had preceded them, the pilgrims entered the isma-deen gate of the city; but ere return had been welcomed by wife or child, they were hurried by the soldiery to the presence of the despot, and, without even the mockery of a trial, were beaten to death with huge maces of iron.

the independent principality of hurrur is a spot yet unvisited by any european, and is remarkable for its isolated position among the pagan and mohammadan galla, against whose continual inroads it has hitherto contrived, with the aid of two hundred matchlock-men and a few archers, to maintain its integrity. the alla, the nooli, the geeri, the tarsoo, the babili, the bursoo, the burteera, and the gooti, compass it on every side, and making sudden descents, sweep the ripe crops from off the face of the smiling land; but their efforts against the town have uniformly proved unsuccessful, and caravans continue, in spite of hostilities, to carry on a very considerable traffic through the ittoo and aroosi tribes, with shoa and the somauli coast.

originally founded and peopled by a colony of the sons of yemen, the town is described to be situated in a pleasant and well-watered valley, surrounded by hills, and enjoying a cool and salubrious climate. a wall of mud and stone, six miles in circumference, with five fortified gates, affords security to the entire population, whose houses, many of them two-storied, are constructed of stone, whitewashed, and terraced. mosques and minarets are conspicuous in every street. the matin voice of the muezzin is regularly heard, and the jama el musjid is believed to be the abode of guardian angels, who stretch the strong pinion of protection over the heads of the faithful. “how could hurrur have triumphed thus long over the unbelievers,” inquire the devout citizens, “had allah not extended his right arm to succour the followers of his prophet?”

aboo bekr, the reigning ameer, has wielded the sceptre during the last seven years, and pursuing the barbarous custom of shoa, his brothers and family are permanent inmates of subterranean dungeons, which for better security are constructed immediately below the foundations of his own palace. although cruel and vindictive, he is reputed a brave prince, heading the foray in person, and taking the front in the battle field; but suspicion of the stranger would seem to form the ruling feature of his character, nor is this to be wondered at, since bloodshed and aggression are known to have once marked the footstep of the intruder.

during the reign of abd el kurreem, uncle to the present ameer, a large body of arabs from mocha, instigated by a disgraced member of the blood-royal, who had fled thither for safety, laid siege to the town, and assisted by guns of small calibre, which are now mounted on the walls, had nearly prevailed. again the guardian angels stretched their white wings over the beleaguered city. the magazine blew up and destroyed numbers of the enemy, and their traitorous leader, who had induced the attack by representing his countrymen to be infidels and apostates from the true religion, falling into the hands of the garrison, had his head exalted on a pole in the market-place, after the brains had been dashed out with an iron club. death is now the portion of every fool-hardy wanderer from the shores of araby, and whilst the galla is compelled to relinquish his arms at the gate, every precaution is taken to exclude from the land the foreigner of whatever nation.

in the features of the hurrurhi is to be traced a strong resemblance to those of the parent stock. the costume consists of a checked kilt, a creese, and a cotton toga; the display of a turban being restricted to the ameer, to the moolahs, and to those who have performed the pilgrimage to the shrine of the prophet. although distinct in itself, the language bears a singular affinity to that of the amhára, but arabic forms the written character. barter is the most usual system of commerce, but the mahaluk, a small copper coin resembling the dewáni of jiddah, is current in the realm. twenty-two of these go to a nominal coin styled ashrafi, whereof forty are equivalent to the german crown. it bears on the reverse the name of the reigning prince, and on the obverse the quotation from the korán, “la illah, illilah!” “there is none other god but allah.”

around hurrur the soil is rich, and extensively cultivated, especially in coffee. two thousand bales of the finest quality are annually exported into india and arabia by the ports of zeyla and berbera, which are visited thrice during the year by large caravans laden with ivory, ostrich feathers, ghee, saffron, gums, and myrrh, which latter is produced in great abundance. blue and white calico, indian piece goods, english prints, silks, and shawls, red cotton yam, silk thread, beads, frankincense, copper wire, and zinc, are received in exchange, and a transit duty of one frazil of the latter metal is levied by the ameer on every slave passing through his dominions from the cold hills of his brother of shoa, where these commodities are bartered.

(the distance of hurrur from zeyla may be assumed at 150 miles south-south-west and from ankóber, 190 miles east.)

between aboo bekr and the christian monarch the most friendly intercourse subsists. letters continually pass and repass, and scarcely a month elapses without the arrival of a caravan. the chief of the wurj or merchants of hurrur, standing specially appointed by the ameer, possesses absolute power to punish all offences, and adjust all disputes amongst his own countrymen, who are not less fond of drawing the creese than their ada?el brethren. tullah, an inferior description of beer, being brewed and swallowed in alarming quantities, brawls and scuffles too frequently terminate the debauch in blood. should a christian subject of shoa be slain, the offence is passed over in politic silence, but when the reverse is the case, the worldly wealth of the sinning abyssinian is confiscated by the crown, and his person handed over to the tender mercies of the moslem savages.

the continual change of inhabitants, the excessive cheapness of provisions, and the prevalent custom of hand-fasting for the visit, tend little to improve the morality of the market-town. the chains of the convenient alliances formed, are by no means binding on either party, and the sum of twopence-halfpenny is perfectly sufficient to support during the week the trader and his temporary mate. one hundred pieces of salt are considered a large dowry; the nuptials are celebrated by feasting and routing alone, and whilst the utmost indifference prevails on the part of the husband, he loosens the matrimonial knot at pleasure, by carrying his partner before the kázi, and thrice repeating the words, “woman, i thee divorce.”

one fourth of the entire population of alio amba are hurrurhi and danákil. of the worthies who accompanied the embassy from tajúra, the majority continued to reside at fárri and chánnoo for the convenience of foraging their camels, but flocking every friday to the market, they never failed to confer the pleasure of their society for a few hours. guba?yo, the deputy-governor of the town, had been specially appointed to the service of the foreigners, and whilst discharging his office of spy with the most creditable diligence, he exercised with strict impartiality his functions as door-keeper, enforcing, greatly to the amazement of the independent ada?el, the abyssinian usage, which precludes the invasion of visitors unless duly introduced. the obnoxious red man, whose iniquities had well nigh cost the lives of the whole party at the great salt lake, and who had now the impudence to seek a reward for his services on the road, was the first who came under the remorseless lash of the despotic bully; and it was a not less cheering and delightful sight to behold the warm-blooded little warrior, ibrahim shehém abli, flying like a football down the steps leading from the court-yard into the muddy lane, before the propulsive impetus of a christian toe, which presently sent the tyrannical izhák bounding after his colleague, with many a severe thwack from the wand of office, ringing across his moslem shoulders, as he vainly proclaimed himself own brother to the reigning sultán of tajúra.