early on the morning of march 22 the enemy's fleet, in three divisions, consisting of six battleships, six armoured cruisers, and six second and third class cruisers, slowly approached us from different directions. at 7 a.m. our cruiser squadron, led by the askold, flying the flag of the officer in command, slipped out into the outer roads. in rear of them steamed the battleships. the enemy moved towards liao-tieh-shan, and at 9.30 opened fire with their 12-inchers, which at measured intervals thundered forth one after another. first a bright yellow spurt of flame tinged with red, a little cloud of smoke, then the boom of a gun, followed by the horrid groan of the shell hurtling through the air, and the final crack of the burst.

from the top of quail hill the whole scene was clearly visible—the fortress, the sea, and the ships. that day the japs again fired 208 shells, the majority of which fell in the narrows, in the western basin, on liao-tieh-shan, or in its vicinity; but their shooting was bad. we replied by indirect fire, and also enfilade fire from our ships, lying in the outer roads. by 11 o'clock we got in several hits, and the enemy moved off, and, in spite of their superiority in numbers, did not attempt to prolong the[pg 28] battle. a good instance of the disregard shown by the army to these naval bombardments occurred that day. when the gun-fire ceased the rattle of musketry was heard from the direction of pigeon bay, and on the commandant telephoning to ascertain what it was, it turned out that a company commander was merely putting his men through musketry.

the rest of that day we heard the names of smirnoff and makharoff on all sides, but never a word of st?ssel.

as soon as general smirnoff had inspected the position at kinchou, he saw of what enormous strategical importance it was, and he gave orders for it to be fortified with the utmost rapidity, and in his order no. 228, of march 23, he authorized the fortress commanding engineer to draw ￡1,000 for this purpose from the defence fund. as i have said before, the position was under the actual command of general fock, commanding the 4th rifle division. what fock accomplished between the beginning of hostilities up to may 26 the reader will see in the following pages.

after midnight on march 25 the sky cleared, and the moon lit up the sleeping town and harbour. in the inner roads the shapes of our ships and the closely-crowded destroyers looked black against the transparent blue of the quiet night. there was no sound in the roads. the darkness increased, and seemed to be cut into by the rays of the searchlights. suddenly a single shot rang out from the narrows, then another, then a cannonade commenced from the seaward batteries. the blockers at it again? it was, and despite the hail of shot, they continued at full speed straight for the boom. three of them got right up close to the entrance, and then, suddenly turning to starboard, dashed at full speed on to the rocks under golden hill. the fourth first turned[pg 29] to port, then sank just out of the fairway, riddled with shell.

every day after riding round the positions smirnoff consulted with generals kondratenko[6] and biely,[7] and colonels grigorenko[8] and khvostoff.[9] in conjunction with them, he settled the most important questions re future work. his labours cannot be judged from his written orders, for he had no time to write—questions were decided on the spot. he gave his verbal orders there and then, and they were at once carried out.

from day to day we expected to hear of st?ssel's departure, but instead, officers of the 3rd corps began coming in to him. it was rumoured that he would operate with his corps in the peninsula, and might never go to the yalu. we were afraid to think that he might remain, and all who valued arthur as the mainstay of russia in the far east hoped that such a trial might be spared us. but the blow fell, and dire was the shock when we read his orders of march 27:

'... i have received the following telegram from the viceroy:

'"it is the imperial wish that you should assume temporary command of the land defences in the kwantun district, the commandant of the fortress being under your orders. you will exercise the full powers of an officer in command of an independent corps, directly under the officer commanding the manchurian army. the commandant of the fortress will have the powers of an officer commanding a corps which is not independent...."

'general roznatovsky, chief of the staff of the 3rd siberian army corps, is also appointed to be chief[pg 30] staff officer of the district, and the commandant of the fortress and the officer commanding the 4th rifle brigade will send all orders and information, etc., into the office of 3rd siberian army corps.

'st?ssel, lieutenant-general.'

this was the worst piece of news we heard during the whole siege.

the 29th of march was the sixth anniversary of our occupation of port arthur. for six years we had been spending millions on the fortifications, on building dalny, and in constructing a railway from distant russia. what was the result when war commenced? does russia realize the gigantic work done by smirnoff and the garrison under him? no, not yet.

when it was reported to general smirnoff that quantities of articles of the first importance were being exported from the fortress, he at once issued an order forbidding it. he received several complaints, but adhered to his decision. the dissatisfied ones then went to the officer commanding the district to complain about the commandant. among them was a school friend of mine, captain radetsky, who was acting as a commissariat officer, and had come from the main army to buy what he could. he took away several waggon-loads.

in spite of the very strict orders about not exporting, st?ssel wrote to smirnoff that he considered exportation should be permitted, and he sanctioned the request made to him to take out supplies, and asked smirnoff to rescind his orders. smirnoff at once instructed the chief of the gendarmes to see that his orders were carried out to the letter, adding that any neglect would entail a court-martial. to the officer commanding the district he politely explained that he could not permit anything to[pg 31] be taken out of the fortress which was entrusted to him, and which might any day be strictly blockaded. the confusion caused by this interference can be imagined.

day followed day and easter came and went, but work during the holiday stopped for one day only.