at last!

it was on the footboard of a railway-carriage, lighted up by the glimmer of a railway-station lamp, that we first saw smirnoff, for he arrived in port arthur at midnight on march 17. though quite grey-headed, as he stepped out on to the platform in the uniform of an officer of the general staff, he seemed the embodiment of energy. casting on all around a keen glance, which expressed determination and capability, he gave utterance to a few polite sentences—for all the senior commanders were there to meet him—and drove off at once to his quarters with lieutenant-colonel khvostoff, his chief of the staff. it is difficult for anyone who was not actually present to appreciate the pleasing impression he gave. no sooner had he arrived than he began to get a grip of affairs in port arthur, and accompanied by his trusted and indefatigable assistant, general kondratenko, set to work to fortify and arm the fortress. these two men spent days together going over the landward defences.

on march 17 st?ssel issued a farewell order preparatory to departing to command the 3rd siberian army corps. in it he said that 'arthur is now an impregnable stronghold.' the novy kry objected to publish this order, as it was obviously inaccurate. it was all very well to[pg 24] tell those not in the know that arthur was 'impregnable,' but why say so to us, who had gone through three bombardments, and especially that of march 10? report it to st. petersburg—yes: st. petersburg was many miles away; but why stultify himself before the whole garrison?

having inspected the line of forts, batteries, and earthworks on the landward, and part of those on the seaward side, general smirnoff was horrified at what he found. the heavy semi-permanent works which it was proposed to construct in order to complete the girdle of fortifications as laid down by imperial order, were either not begun or in a very embryonic condition; and it was the same with the laying of the armoured concrete for casemated buildings—work which required time. scarcely anything was being done to the intermediate field-works. there, where menacing works sprang up afterwards within five months, were now naked rocks. military roads had alone been made—many of them by the chinese. the sites for little and big eagle's nests, zaredoubt, zaliterny, tumulus, cemetery batteries, obelisk hill, and fort no. 6, were then rock as bare as my hand; they had not been even traced out on the ground. the strengthening of fort no. 5 had not been commenced. on the greater number of old fortifications to be strengthened, but which were not yet completed, guns had not even been mounted, or had been so badly mounted that the work would have to be done over again. of a third line of defence no one had even thought. it was the same with 203 metre hill, divisional hill, long hill, flat hill, angle hill, ta-ku-shan and sia-gu-shan hills, etc. in a word, a picture of absolute unpreparedness was unfolded before the new commandant. this was alarmingly increased by the fact that the different advanced works were very badly sited, and badly designed for their sites at that. he decided to depart considerably[pg 25] from the proposed plan of the polygon of defences, and found it necessary to move several of the works forward, and to strengthen the above-mentioned hills, well knowing that once the japanese got possession of kinchou and a strict blockade commenced on land, the fortress could not long hold out in the state in which he found it. with his arrival all the best men, headed by the late general kondratenko, joined hands, and the work proceeded apace. though the gangs of chinamen employed on the earthworks day and night were large, they were not large enough, and a dearth of labour was at once felt. the chinese would not agree to work for the fairly high wage offered to them, and began gradually to slink away to chifu. the japanese spread proclamations among them, of which the following—a typical one—was published:

'port arthur will soon be cut off, and then captured. no chinaman who has in any way assisted the russians to defend the place will be given quarter.'

all the labour of fortifying and arming the fortress fell upon the 7th east siberian rifle division, under general kondratenko, and upon the reserve battalions. the work done by these simple, rough russians was the work of titans, and only those who watched them delving, shoving, and hauling on the slopes of those rocky hills for months can appreciate what the labour was.

general st?ssel, hanging 'twixt heaven and earth, daily expecting orders to leave for the corps he commanded, now 'sat very tight.' all to whom arthur and the honour and glory of russia were dear were delighted, for they were convinced that in the hands of smirnoff and kondratenko the place would be transformed into a veritable inaccessible stronghold, if not too late. the commandant held long and constant consultations with the officer in command of the fleet, at which combined[pg 26] operations were worked out, in case the enemy should land. liao-tieh-shan was rapidly and energetically fortified. canet guns were got into position, new telephone-lines were constructed, and the finishing touches were put to the mine defences. arrangements were also made for high-angle fire over this hill, in case the japanese fleet should attempt to repeat their tactics of march 10, and the guns in the coast batteries were mounted so as to allow of all-round traverse, and greater angle of elevation, and others were borrowed from the navy. the gunboats otvajny and giliak were stationed in the narrows as look-outs, and the cruisers issued at night by turns into the outer roads for the same purpose. work went right merrily, confidence increased, and every one grew calmer.