dick sand was then captain of the "pilgrim," and, without losing an instant, he took the necessary measures for putting the ship under full sail.

it was well understood that the passengers could have only one hope—that of reaching some part of the american coast, if not valparaiso. what dick sand counted on doing was to ascertain the direction and speed of the "pilgrim," so as to get an average. for that, it was sufficient to make each day on the chart the way made, as it has been said, by the log and the compass. there was then on board one of those "patent logs," with an index and helix, which give the speed very exactly for a fixed time. this useful instrument, very easily handled, could render the most useful services, and the blacks were perfectly adapted to work it.

a single cause of error would interfere—the currents. to combat it, reckoning would be insufficient; astronomical observations alone would enable one to render an exact calculation from it. now, those observations the young novice was still unable to make.

for an instant dick sand had thought of bringing the "pilgrim" back to new zealand. the passage would be shorter, and he would certainly have done it if the wind, which, till then, had been contrary, had not become favorable. better worth while then to steer for america.

in fact, the wind had changed almost to the contrary direction, and now it blew from the northwest with a tendency to freshen. it was then necessary to profit by it and make all the headway possible.

so dick sand prepared to put the "pilgrim" under full sail.

in a schooner brig-rigged, the foremast carries four square sails; the foresail, on the lower mast; above, the top-sail, on the topmast; then, on the top-gallant mast, a top-sail and a royal.

the mainmast, on the contrary, has fewer sails. it only carries a brigantine below, and a fore-staffsail above. between these two masts, on the stays which support them at the prow, a triple row of triangular sails may be set.

finally, at the prow, on the bowsprit, and its extreme end, were hauled the three jibs.

the jibs, the brigantine, the fore-staff, and the stay-sails are easily managed. they can be hoisted from the deck without the necessity of climbing the masts, because they are not fastened on the yards by means of rope-bands, which must be previously loosened.

on the contrary, the working of the foremast sails demands much greater proficiency in seamanship. in fact, when it is necessary to set them, the sailors must climb by the rigging—it may be in the foretop, it may be on the spars of the top-gallant mast, it may be to the top of the said mast—and that, as well in letting them fly as in drawing them in to diminish their surface in reefing them. thence the necessity of running out on foot-ropes—movable ropes stretched below the yards—of working with one hand while holding on by the other—perilous work for any one who is not used to it. the oscillation from the rolling and pitching of the ship, very much increased by the length of the lever, the flapping of the sails under a stiff breeze, have often sent a man overboard. it was then a truly dangerous operation for tom and his companions.

very fortunately, the wind was moderate. the sea had not yet had time to become rough. the rolling and pitching kept within bounds.

when dick sand, at captain hull's signal, had steered toward the scene of the catastrophe, the "pilgrim" only carried her jibs, her brigantine, her foresail, and her top-sail. to get the ship under way as quickly as possible, the novice had only to make use of, that is, to counter-brace, the foresail. the blacks had easily helped him in that maneuver.

the question now was to get under full sail, and, to complete the sails, to hoist the top-sails, the royal, the fore-staff, and the stay-sails.

"my friends," said the novice to the five blacks, "do as i tell you, and all will go right."

dick sand was standing at the wheel of the helm.

"go!" cried he. "tom, let go that rope quickly!"

"let go?" said tom, who did not understand that expression.

"yes, loosen it! now you, bat—the same thing! good! heave—haul taut.

let us see, pull it in!"

"like that?" said bat.

"yes, like that. very good. come, hercules—strong. a good pull there!"

to say "strong" to hercules was, perhaps, imprudent. the giant of course gave a pull that brought down the rope.

"oh! not so strong, my honest fellow!" cried dick sand, smiling. "you are going to bring down the masts!"

"i have hardly pulled," replied hercules.

"well, only make believe! you will see that that will be enough! well, slacken—cast off! make fast—make fast—like that! good! all together! heave—pull on the braces."

and the whole breadth of the foremast, whose larboard braces had been loosened, turned slowly. the wind then swelling the sails imparted a certain speed to the ship.

dick sand then had the jib sheet-ropes loosened. then he called the blacks aft:

"behold what is done, my friends, and well done. now let us attend to the mainmast. but break nothing, hercules."

"i shall try," replied the colossus, without being willing to promise more.

this second operation was quite easy. the main-boom sheet-rope having been let go gently, the brigantine took the wind more regularly, and added its powerful action to that of the forward sails.

the fore-staff was then set above the brigantine, and, as it is simply brailed up, there was nothing to do but bear on the rope, to haul aboard, then to secure it. but hercules pulled so hard, along with his friend acteon, without counting little jack, who had joined them, that the rope broke off.

all three fell backwards—happily, without hurting themselves. jack was enchanted.

"that's nothing! that's nothing!" cried the novice. "fasten the two ends together for this time and hoist softly!"

that was done under dick sand's eyes, while he had not yet left the helm. the "pilgrim" was already sailing rapidly, headed to the east, and there was nothing more to be done but keep it in that direction. nothing easier, because the wind was favorable, and lurches were not to be feared.

"good, my friends!" said the novice. "you will be good sailors before the end of the voyage!"

"we shall do our best, captain sand," replied tom.

mrs. weldon also complimented those honest men.

little jack himself received his share of praise, for he had worked bravely.

"indeed, i believe, mr. jack," said hercules, smiling, "that it was you who broke the rope. what a good little fist you have. without you we should have done nothing right."

and little jack, very proud of himself, shook his friend hercules' hand vigorously.

the setting of the "pilgrim's" sails was not yet complete. she still lacked those top-sails whose action is not to be despised under this full-sail movement. top-sail, royal, stay-sails, would add sensibly to the schooner's speed, and dick sand resolved to set them.

this operation would be more difficult than the others, not for the stay-sails, which could be hoisted, hauled aboard and fastened from below, but for the cross-jacks of the foremast. it was necessary to climb to the spars to let them out, and dick sand, not wishing to expose any one of his improvised crew, undertook to do it himself.

he then called tom and put him at the wheel, showing him how he should keep the ship. then hercules, bat, acteon and austin being placed, some at the royal halyards, others at those of the top-sails, he proceeded up the mast. to climb the rattlings of the fore-shrouds, then the rattlings of the topmast-shrouds, to gain the spars, that was only play for the young novice. in a minute he was on the foot-rope of the top-sail yard, and he let go the rope-bands which kept the sail bound.

then he stood on the spars again and climbed on the royal yard, where he let out the sail rapidly.

dick sand had finished his task, and seizing one of the starboard backstays, he slid to the deck.

there, under his directions, the two sails were vigorously hauled and fastened, then the two yards hoisted to the block. the stay-sails being set next between the mainmast and the foremast, the work was finished. hercules had broken nothing this time.

the "pilgrim" then carried all the sails that composed her rigging. doubtless dick sand could still add the foremast studding-sails to larboard, but it was difficult work under the present circumstances, and should it be necessary to take them in, in case of a squall, it could not be done fast enough. so the novice stopped there.

tom was relieved from his post at the wheel, which dick sand took charge of again.

the breeze freshened. the "pilgrim," making a slight turn to starboard, glided rapidly over the surface of the sea, leaving behind her a very flat track, which bore witness to the purity of her water-line.

"we are well under way, mrs. weldon," then said dick sand, "and, now, may god preserve this favorable wind!"

mrs. weldon pressed the young man's hand. then, fatigued with all the emotions of that last hour, she sought her cabin, and fell into a sort of painful drowsiness, which was not sleep.

the new crew remained on the schooner's deck, watching on the forecastle, and ready to obey dick sand's orders—that is to say, to change the set of the sails according to the variations of the wind; but so long as the breeze kept both that force and that direction, there would be positively nothing to do.

during all this time what had become of cousin benedict?

cousin benedict was occupied in studying with a magnifying glass an articulate which he had at last found on board—a simple orthopter, whose head disappeared under the prothorax; an insect with flat elytrums, with round abdomen, with rather long wings, which belonged to the family of the roaches, and to the species of american cockroaches.

it was exactly while ferreting in negoro's kitchen, that he had made that precious discovery, and at the moment when the cook was going to crush the said insect pitilessly. thence anger, which, indeed, negoro took no notice of.

but this cousin benedict, did he know what change had taken place on board since the moment when captain hull and his companions had commenced that fatal whale-fishing? yes, certainly. he was even on the deck when the "pilgrim" arrived in sight of the remains of the whale-boat. the schooner's crew had then perished before his eyes.

to pretend that this catastrophe had not affected him, would be to accuse his heart. that pity for others that all people feel, he had certainly experienced it. he was equally moved by his cousin's situation. he had come to press mrs. weldon's hand, as if to say to her: "do not be afraid. i am here. i am left to you."

then cousin benedict had turned toward his cabin, doubtless so as to reflect on the consequences of this disastrous event, and on the energetic measures that he must take. but on his way he had met the cockroach in question, and his desire was—held, however, against certain entomologists—to prove the cockroaches of the phoraspe species, remarkable for their colors, have very different habits from cockroaches properly so called; he had given himself up to the study, forgetting both that there had been a captain hull in command of the "pilgrim," and that that unfortunate had just perished with his crew. the cockroach absorbed him entirely. he did not admire it less, and he made as much time over it as if that horrible insect had been a golden beetle.

the life on board had then returned to its usual course, though every one would remain for a long time yet under the effects of such a keen and unforeseen catastrophe.

during this day dick sand was everywhere, so that everything should be in its place, and that he could be prepared for the smallest contingency. the blacks obeyed him with zeal. the most perfect order reigned on board the "pilgrim." it might then be hoped that all would go well.

on his side, negoro made no other attempt to resist dick sand's authority. he appeared to have tacitly recognized him. occupied as usual in his narrow kitchen, he was not seen more than before. besides, at the least infraction—at the first symptom of insubordination, dick sand was determined to send him to the hold for the rest of the passage. at a sign from him, hercules would take the head cook by the skin of the neck; that would not have taken long. in that case, nan, who knew how to cook, would replace the cook in his functions. negoro then could say to himself that he was indispensable, and, as he was closely watched, he seemed unwilling to give any cause of complaint.

the wind, though growing stronger till evening, did not necessitate any change in the "pilgrim's" sails. her solid masting, her iron rigging, which was in good condition, would enable her to bear in this condition even a stronger breeze.

during the night it is often the custom to lessen the sails, and particularly to take in the high sails, fore-staff, top-sail, royal, etc. that is prudent, in case some squall of wind should come up suddenly. but dick sand believed he could dispense with this precaution. the state of the atmosphere indicated nothing of the kind, and besides, the young novice determined to pass the first night on the deck, intending to have an eye to everything. then the progress was more rapid, and he longed to be in less desolate parts.

it has been said that the log and the compass were the only instruments which dick sand could use, so as to estimate approximately the way made by the "pilgrim."

during this day the novice threw the log every half-hour, and he noted the indications furnished by the instrument.

as to the instrument which bears the name of compass, there were two on board. one was placed in the binnacle, under the eyes of the man at the helm. its dial, lighted by day by the diurnal light, by night by two side-lamps, indicated at every moment which way the ship headed—that is, the direction she followed. the other compass was an inverted one, fixed to the bars of the cabin which captain hull formerly occupied. by that means, without leaving his chamber, he could always know if the route given was exactly followed, if the man at the helm, from ignorance or negligence, allowed the ship to make too great lurches.

besides, there is no ship employed in long voyages which does not possess at least two compasses, as she has two chronometers. it is necessary to compare these instruments with each other, and, consequently, control their indications.

the "pilgrim" was then sufficiently provided for in that respect, and dick sand charged his men to take the greatest care of the two compasses, which were so necessary to him.

now, unfortunately, during the night of the 12th to the 13th of february, while the novice was on watch, and holding the wheel of the helm, a sad accident took place. the inverted compass, which was fastened by a copper ferule to the woodwork of the cabin, broke off and fell on the floor. it was not seen till the next day.

how had the ferule come to break. it was inexplicable enough. it was possible, however, that it was oxydized, and that the pitching and rolling had broken it from the woodwork. now, indeed, the sea had been rougher during the night. however it was, the compass was broken in such a manner that it could not be repaired.

dick sand was much thwarted. henceforth he was reduced to trust solely to the compass in the binnacle. very evidently no one was responsible for the breaking of the second compass, but it might have sad consequences. the novice then took every precaution to keep the other compass beyond the reach of every accident.

till then, with that exception, all went well on board the "pilgrim."

mrs. weldon, seeing dick sand's calmness, had regained confidence. it was not that she had ever yielded to despair. above all, she counted on the goodness of god. also, as a sincere and pious catholic, she comforted herself by prayer.

dick sand had arranged so as to remain at the helm during the night. he slept five or six hours in the day, and that seemed enough for him, as he did not feel too much fatigued. during this time tom or his son bat took his place at the wheel of the helm, and, thanks to his counsels, they were gradually becoming passable steersmen.

often mrs. weldon and the novice talked to each other. dick sand willingly took advice from this intelligent and courageous woman. each day he showed her on the ship's chart the course run, which he took by reckoning, taking into account only the direction and the speed of the ship. "see, mrs. weldon," he often repeated to her, "with these winds blowing, we cannot fail to reach the coast of south america. i should not like to affirm it, but i verily believe that when our vessel shall arrive in sight of land, it will not be far from valparaiso."

mrs. weldon could not doubt the direction of the vessel was right, favored above all by those winds from the northwest. but how far the "pilgrim" still seemed to be from the american coast! how many dangers between her and the firm land, only counting those which might come from a change in the state of the sea and the sky!

jack, indifferent like children of his age, had returned to his usual games, running on the deck, amusing himself with dingo. he found, of course, that his friend dick was less with him than formerly; but his mother had made him understand that they must leave the young novice entirely to his occupations. little jack had given up to these reasons, and no longer disturbed "captain sand."

so passed life on board. the blacks did their work intelligently, and each day became more skilful in the sailor's craft. tom was naturally the boatswain, and it was he, indeed, whom his companions would have chosen for that office. he commanded the watch while the novice rested, and he had with him his son bat and austin. acteon and hercules formed the other watch, under dick sand's direction. by this means, while one steered, the others watched at the prow.

even though these parts were deserted, and no collision was really to be feared, the novice exacted a rigorous watch during the night. he never sailed without having his lights in position—a green light on the starboard, a red light on the larboard—and in that he acted wisely.

all the time, during those nights which dick sand passed entirely at the helm, he occasionally felt an irresistible heaviness over him. his hand then steered by pure instinct. it was the effect of a fatigue of which he did not wish to take account.

now, it happened that during the night of the 13th to the 14th of february, that dick sand was very tired, and was obliged to take a few hours' rest. he was replaced at the helm by old tom.

the sky was covered with thick clouds, which had gathered with the evening, under the influence of the cold air. it was then very dark, and it was impossible to distinguish the high sails lost in the darkness. hercules and acteon were on watch on the forecastle.

aft, the light from the binnacle only gave a faint gleam, which the metallic apparatus of the wheel reflected softly. the ship's lanterns throwing their lights laterally, left the deck of the vessel in profound darkness.

toward three o'clock in the morning, a kind of hypnotic phenomenon took place, of which old tom was not even conscious. his eves, which were fixed too long on a luminous point of the binnacle, suddenly lost the power of vision, and he fell into a true anæsthetic sleep.

not only was he incapable of seeing, but if one had touched or pinched him hard he would probably have felt nothing.

so he did not see a shadow which glided over the deck.

it was negoro.

arrived aft, the head cook placed under the binnacle a pretty heavy object which he held in hand.

then, after observing for an instant the luminous index of the compass, he retired without having been seen.

if, the next day, dick sand had perceived that object placed by negoro under the binnacle, he might have hastened to take it away.

in fact, it was a piece of iron, whose influence had just altered the indications of the compass. the magnetic needle had been deviated, and instead of marking the magnetic north, which differs a little from the north of the world, it marked the northeast. it was then, a deviation of four points; in other words, of half a right angle.

tom soon recovered from his drowsiness. his eyes were fixed on the compass. he believed, he had reason to believe, that the "pilgrim" was not in the right direction. he then moved the helm so as to head the ship to the east—at least, he thought so.

but, with the deviation of the needle, which he could not suspect, that point, changed by four points, was the southeast.

and thus, while under the action of a favorable wind, the "pilgrim" was supposed to follow the direction wished for, she sailed with an error of forty-five degrees in her route!