as we approached the afghan frontier, camp followed camp, clustering round the railway stations that lie closer together on the line. in the morning and towards evening there was a constant hum round the train, of bagpipes, bugles, and drums, and the red or grey ranks were to be seen of soldiers at drill.

near the sepoys' tents long lines of mules picketed by their feet stood by the guns; and further on baggage-camels, lying down, were hardly distinguishable from the russet grass and the scorched ochre sand.

there are two towns of peshawur: one a distracted, silly place, with no beginning nor end, straggling along something in the manner of madras, with an embryonic bazaar and all the amusements demanded by soldiers; the other enclosed in walls of dried mud, which are preserved only "to protect the town from robbers."

in this peshawur the houses are crowded along narrow, crooked alleys, and there is but one rather wider street of shops, which here already have a quite[pg 242] persian character, having for sale only the products of cabul or bokhara. the balconies, the shutters, the verandahs and galleries are of wood inlaid in patterns like spider-net. the timbers are so slight that they would seem quite useless and too fragile to last; and yet they are amazingly strong, and alone remain in place, amid heaps of stones, in houses that have fallen into ruin. in the streets, the contrast is strange, of tiny houses with the afghans, all over six feet high, superb men wearing heavy dhotis of light colours faded to white, still showing in the shadow of the folds a greenish-blue tinge of dead turquoise. solemn and slow, or motionless in statuesque attitudes while they converse in few words, and never gesticulate, they are very fine, with a fierce beauty; their large, open eyes are too black, and their smile quite distressingly white in faces where the muscles look stiff-set. even the children, in pale-hued silk shirts, are melancholy, languid, spiritless, but very droll, too, in their little pointed caps covered with gold braid, and the finery of endless metal necklaces, and bangles on their ankles and arms.

in one of the alleys by the outer wall was a little house with a door in carved panels framing[pg 243] inlaid work as delicate as woven damask. a crowd surrounding it could not be persuaded by abibulla's eloquence to make way for me, a suspicious-looking stranger.

in this house abode the postmaster of the persian mails, and i wanted to register a letter for cabul.

abibulla delivered a long harangue through the closed door; at last a wicket was opened, framing an eye. i was invited to approach, and then, after examination, the wicket in the polished door was abruptly closed!

there was a sort of murmur behind the door, like reciting a prayer, then louder tones, indeed a very loud shout, repeated three times by several voices at once; and then the one alone continued in a dull chant. the door was half opened and i was beckoned, but to enter alone.

on the threshold i was desired to take off my shoes, because i was going into the presence of a holy man. as i crossed the forecourt fresh and ferocious shouts rang out; a curtain was lifted, and in a room scarcely lighted by a tiny window, the air thick with smoke, i could just make out a number of men, all standing, very excited, gesticulating wildly, and once more they shouted their savage cry.

[pg 244]

at the back of the room the master of the house squatted on the floor, dressed in green richly embroidered with gold, and on his head was a vase-shaped cap or tiara of astrakhan. near him, in an armchair, sat a perfectly naked fakir, his breast covered with jade necklaces. his face was of superhuman beauty, emaciated, with a look of suffering, his eyes glowing with rapt ecstasy. he seemed to be entranced, seeing nothing but a vision, and intoxicated by its splendour.

then starting to his feet, and stretching out his arm to point at me, he poured forth invective in sharp, rapid speech. the words flowed without pause:—

"dog! traitor! cruel wretch! eater of meat!——"

and then seeing that i did not go, that on wakening again from his dream i was still there, he fixed his eyes on me and caught sight of a medal that i wear.

"kali?" he asked.

"no; the virgin mary."

"what is the virgin mary?"

"the mother of christ."

"ah, your kali, then?"

"no; kali is a cruel, bloodthirsty goddess, while the virgin——"

[pg 245]

he interrupted me:

"she is the mother of christ, you say? you are a stranger, and you cannot know all the mischief they do us in the name of her son."

while i was talking to the postmaster the fakir smoked a hookah, burning amber powder and rose-leaves. the air was full of the narcotic fragrance; a piercing perfume that mounted to the brain.

another fakir, a young man, had come to sit at the elder's feet, and when i had finished my business the "holy man" began to knead his disciple's muscles, wringing and disjointing his arms and dislocating his left shoulder; and, as if in mockery of my distressed expression, he bent the lad's back inwards till his face was between his heels, and left him for a long minute in that torturing position.

when at last the boy was allowed to return to his place in a corner he sat quite still, his eyes staring stupidly and shedding large tears, though not a muscle of his face moved.

in the close-shut room the air, loaded with scent and smoke, was quite unbreathable; musicians playing behind a partition added to the irritating effect of all this perfume and noise.

as i was leaving, the fakir rose amid the cries of all the people, who clamoured for his blessing. he[pg 246] silenced them by a sign, then laying one hand on my shoulder, after looking at my medal—

"farewell," said he, "and may the almighty protect you, for you look kind."

the throng outside had increased; abibulla could scarcely make way for me to the end of the street, and for a long time i could still hear the cries that reached us at a distance.

off next morning to the khyber pass. the road lay across the vast monotonous plain, richly productive all the way from peshawur to the foot of the hills. at one end of a field some men had spread a net and were beating the field towards the corners with a heavy rope that broke down the tall oats; before long the birds were seen struggling under the meshes, but they were soon caught and carried away in cages.

outside the fort which guards the opening of the pass there was confusion; a mad scurry of men, running, shouting, hustling. quite a complicated mêlée of animals bolting, elephants and camels let loose and impossible to overtake, but caught at last.

after the delay, which in india is a matter of course, the caravan set out—the last to go; for during the past three months no european had[pg 247] crossed the pass, and in consequence of misunderstandings with some of the rebel tribes to the north, even the natives were prohibited henceforth from going to cabul.

first went six armed regulars, then a party on horseback, for the most part persians, one of whom was carrying in his arms an enormous sheaf of roses, which hid him completely and drooped over the saddle.

suddenly there was a panic among the horses; they shied, reared, and bolted across the fields, and the road being cleared, the elephants belonging to the ameer of cabul went by, to march at the head of the caravan. next came a thousand camels, also the ameer's; like the elephants, they carried no baggage, but on the back of one female was a young one, tied into a basket, born only the day before, all white and woolly.

asses followed, oxen and more camels, loaded beyond their strength with old iron, tin pannikins, a whole cargo of goods in cases from manchester and sheffield—so badly packed that things came clattering down as the beasts pushed each other amid oaths and blows.

women porters came on foot, hidden under bales, nets full of crocks, faggots, and trusses of hay.[pg 248] children, and women in sarees—fine ladies—had nothing to carry; some were wrapped in yashmacks, shrouding them from head to foot with a little veil of transparent muslin over their eyes.

and to close the procession came more soldiers.

after inspecting my little permit to visit the khyber, the officials at the fort had placed in my carriage a soldier of the native khyber rifle-corps, six feet six in height, placid and gentle. when i got out of the carriage to walk up a hill he would follow a yard or so behind, and watching all my movements, looked rather as if he were taking me to prison than like an escort to protect me.

we left the caravan far behind. in the gorge with its rosy-pink soil the silence was exquisite, the air had the freshness of a mountain height, and quite inexplicably amid these barren rocks, where there was not a sign of vegetation, there was a scent of honey and almonds.

children were selling whortleberries in plaited baskets; they came up very shyly, and as soon as they had sold their spoil hurried back to hide in their nook. further on a little afghan boy, standing alone and motionless by the roadside, held out three eggs for sale.

at a turn in the road the view opened out to a[pg 249] distant horizon; the plain of peshawur, intensely green in contrast with the rosy tone of the foreground; and far away the himalayas, faintly blue with glaciers of fiery gold in the sun, against a gloomy sky where the clouds were gathering.

between the cliff-walls of the defile, in a sort of bay, stands ali musjid, a little white mosque where travellers tarry to pray.

deeply graven in the stone of one of the walls is the giant hand of ali the conqueror, the terrible, who came from the land of the arabs, killing all on his way who refused to be converted to islam. and he died in the desolate khyber, where all who pass do him honour, and entreat his protection on their way.

above the mausoleum a fort with battlements towers over the pass, "an impregnable position," the guides tell us.

a company of the khyber rifles are quartered there in the old buildings and the officers' deserted bungalows; over all hangs an atmosphere of icy desolation and overpowering melancholy. above our heads a flight of eagles wheeled against the sky.

as we stood up there the caravan for cabul came in sight on the road below, and slowly disappeared wrapped in dust, with mechanical steadiness and[pg 250] without a sound. after that came the other train of travellers from peshawur, singing to the accompaniment of mule-bells, every sound swelled by the echo. children's laughter came up to our ears, the scream of an elephant angry at being stopped—even at a distance we could still hear them a little—and then silence fell again under the flight of the eagles soaring in circles further and further away as they followed the caravan.

close to us on each level spot of the scarped rock was a little fortified look-out where three or four soldiers kept watch, with here and there a larger tower, reached only by a ladder, and in these six or eight men.

beyond this point among the mountains the road seemed to vanish, to lead nowhere, lost in pale red among the red cliffs, as if it stopped at the foot of the rocky wall.

as we went back we found the roses carried in the morning by the persian strewn on the ground in front of the ali musjid, and over them a flock of birds with red beaks were fluttering.

then at peshawur again in the evening, girls, with groups of soldiers in red jackets or scotch kilts; the common women were horrible, whitened,[pg 251] with loose shirts and tight-fitting trousers. one alone sat at her window wreathed about with mindi flowers in the crude light of a lamp. the others accosted the passer-by, laughing and shouting in shrill tones.

in one room we heard music—guzlas, drums, and a vina. there were three dancing-girls. at first they only performed the indian "goose-step," the slow revolutions growing gradually quicker. but urged by the soldiers who filled the room and beat time with their sticks on the floor, the nautch-girls marked their steps, wriggled with heavy awkward movements, and tried to dance a highland jig, taught by two scotch soldiers.

a dark street corner where there were no shops. under a canopy constructed of four bamboos thatched with straw, a young man in a light-coloured dhoti was sitting on a low stool; about him were women singing. presently one of them came forward, and dipping her fingers into three little copper pots that stood on the ground in front of the youth, she took first oil, then a green paste, and finally some perfume with which she touched seven spots—the lad's feet, knees, shoulders, and turban. then she wiped her fingers on the saree of the bridegroom's mother—for he was to be[pg 252] married on the morrow—who was standing behind her son.

after her another woman repeated the ceremony, and then they went away, still singing. this went on for part of the evening. when it was all over they went to eat rice at the bridegroom's house, and meanwhile the same ceremony had been performed with the bride, whom her neighbours had taken it by turns to anoint and perfume, in a house closed against prying eyes.

when the dead are to be honoured in this land each true believer lays a pebble as homage on the tomb, and the dead man's repute is estimated by the size of the pile of stones that covers him.

not far from peshawur a legend had arisen concerning a certain guru, that the holy man now underground grew taller every year by a foot, and the heap of stones grew longer day by day, till the english authorities had to interfere and place a guard of soldiers to check the encroachment of the tumulus on the high road.