few things possess such powerful attraction as the thought of buried treasures which may be lying unsuspected around us. to think that the golden buttercups which dot a meadow are, perchance, but the reflections of other golden pieces lying beneath the surface; to suppose the crumbling gray walls of some ancient tower to be the dingy casket enshrouding priceless gems, there secreted by long-vanished hands—is surely enough to set imagination on fire, and engender the wild, delirious hope that to you alone, favored among ten thousand other mortals who have passed by the spot unknowing, may be destined the triumph of finding that golden key.

vain and futile as such researches mostly are, yet they have in transylvania a somewhat greater semblance of reason than in most other countries, for nowhere else, perhaps, have so many successive nations been forced to secrete their riches in flying from an enemy, to say nothing of the numerous, yet undiscovered, veins of gold and silver which must be seaming the country in all directions. not a year passes without bringing to light some earthen jar containing old dacian coins, or golden ornaments of roman origin—which discoveries all serve to feed and keep up the national superstitions connected with treasures and treasure-finders.

the night of st. george, the 24th of april (corresponding to our 6th of may), is of all others the most favorable in the year for such researches, and many roumanian peasants spend these hours in wandering about the hills, trying to probe the earth for the gold it contains; for in this night (so say the legends) all these treasures begin to burn, or, to speak in technical, mystic language, “to bloom,” in the bosom of the earth, and the light they give forth, described as a bluish flame, resembling the color of burning spirits of wine, serves to guide favored mortals to their place of concealment.

the conditions to the successful raising of a treasure are manifold and difficult of accomplishment. in the first place, it is by no means{230} easy for a common mortal who has not been born on a sunday, nor even at mid-day when the bells are ringing, to hit upon a treasure at all. if he does, however, chance to catch sight of a flame such as i have described, he must quickly pierce through the swaddling rags of his right foot with a knife, and then throw it in the direction of the flame seen. if two people are together during this discovery, they must on no account break silence till the treasure is raised; neither is it allowed to fill up the hole from which anything has been taken, for that would entail the death of one of the finders. another important feature to be noted is that the lights seen before midnight on st. george’s day denote treasures kept by good spirits, while those which appear at a later hour are unquestionably of a pernicious nature.

for the comfort of less favored mortals who do not happen to have been born either on a sunday nor to the sound of bells, i must here mention that these deficiencies may to some extent be condoned for and the mental vision sharpened by the consumption of mouldy bread; so that whoever has, during the preceding year, been careful to feed upon decayed loaves only, may (if he survive this trying diet) become the fortunate discoverer of hidden treasures.

sometimes the power of finding a particular treasure is supposed only to be possessed by members of some particular family. a curious instance of this was lately recorded in roumania, relating to an old ruined convent, where, according to a popular legend, a large sum of gold is concealed. a deputation of peasants, at considerable trouble and expense, found out the last surviving member of the family supposed to possess the mystic power, and offered him unconditionally a very handsome sum merely for the benefit of his personal attendance on the spot. the gentleman in question being old, and probably sceptical, declined the offer, to the peasants’ great disappointment.

there is hardly a ruin, mountain, or forest in transylvania which has not got some legend of a hidden treasure attached to it. these are often supposed to be guarded by some animal, as a serpent, turkey, dog, or pig; or sometimes the devil himself, in the shape of a black buffalo, haunts the place at night and carries off those who attempt to raise the treasure. out of the many such tales there afloat i shall here quote only a few, which have been collected and written down from the words of old villagers in different places:

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the treasure of darius

is one of the principal treasures supposed to be somewhere concealed on transylvanian ground. it is said to be of immense value, and is believed to have been secreted when the persian king was compelled to fly before the scythian forces; but opinions are divided as to the exact locality where it lies. one version, which places the treasure in a forest in the neighborhood of hamlesch, relates of it that fifty years ago a poor german workman, sleeping in the forest one night, discovered the treasure, and being versed in the formalities to be observed on such occasions, laid upon it some article of clothing marked with his name in token of taking possession. then, as he did not trust the country people, he went off to germany to fetch his relations to assist him in raising the treasure. but, hardly arrived at his house, he fell ill and died; and though on his death-bed he exactly described the place where he had seen the gold, and gave directions for finding it, his relations were never able to hit upon the place.

another story declares the treasure to have been hidden in the sacsorer burg, an old ruined fortress, where some centuries ago it was discovered by six hungarian burghers, who swore to keep the secret among themselves; and once in each year they went and carried off a sack of gold and silver pieces, which they divided. only after five of them had died did the last survivor in his testament leave directions how to reach the place. to approach the treasure (so runs the legend), one must pass through a strong iron door lying towards the west. this door can be opened from the outside, but whoever is not in possession of the secret is sure to fall down through a trap-door into a terrible abyss, where he will be cut to pieces by a thousand swords set in motion by machinery; therefore it is necessary to bridge over the trap-door with several stout planks before entering. after this a second iron door is reached, in front of which are lying two life-sized lions of massive silver. this second door leads into a large hall, where round a long table are sitting the figures of king darius, and of twelve other kings whom he had vanquished in battle. king darius himself, who sits at the head of the table, is formed of purest gold, while the other monarchs, six on either side, are of silver. this hall leads into a cellar, where are ranged twenty-four barrels bound with hoops of silver; half of these barrels contain gold, the other half silver pieces.

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it is likewise asserted that towards the end of the last century a wallachian hermit was known to reside in those same ruins, in whose possession were often seen gold and silver coins stamped with the image of king darius, but that when questioned on the subject he would never reveal how he had come by them.

finally, it is said that within the memory of people still living there came hither from switzerland three men with an ancient parchment document, out of which they professed to have deciphered the directions for finding the treasure of darius, but after spending several days in digging about the place they had to go empty-handed away.

after writing those lines i have unexpectedly come across a new version of the treasure of darius, as i read in a current newspaper, dated november 24, 1886, that only a few weeks ago an old roumanian peasant woman formally applied to the government at klausenburg for leave to dig for the treasure of darius, which, as a sorcerer had revealed to her, lay buried at hideg szamos.

the directions she had received were to dig, at the spot indicated, as deep as the height of the klausenburg church steeple, when stone steps and an iron door would be disclosed. the latter can be opened by a blow from an axe which had been dipped in holy-water. a large stone vault with twelve more iron doors will then appear. twelve golden keys hang on the wall, and each door being opened will lead to a chamber filled to overflowing with solid gold-pieces. three people only were permitted to dig simultaneously for the treasure, the sorcerer himself disinterestedly disclaiming any part in the matter, as he professes to have renounced all earthly goods.

the prosaic klausenburg officials could not, however, be induced to share the woman’s enthusiasm, and tried to convince her of the folly of such search; but all in vain, for, dispensing with the permission she had failed to obtain, she has now engaged three day-laborers, who since the 15th of november, 1886, are said to be engaged on this stupendous task.

perhaps we shall some day hear the result of their labors.

the treasure of decebalus

is also among those to which transylvania lays claim. when trajan went forth for the second time against the dacian king, decebalus,{233} vanquished in the fight near his capital, zarmiszegthusa, retired to a stronghold in the mountains, where he was again pursued by the conqueror, and, after a second defeat, perished by his own hand, in order to escape the ignominy of captivity. but before these reverses decebalus had taken care to secure his immense riches. for this purpose he caused the river sargetia,[63] which flowed past his residence, to be diverted from its course at great toil and expense; in the dry river-bed strong vaulted cellars were constructed, in which all the gold, silver, and precious stones were stowed away, the whole being then covered up with earth and gravel, and the river brought back to its original course.

the work had been executed by prisoners, who were all either massacred or deprived of their eyesight to avoid betrayal. but a confidant of the dacian king, bicilis, or biculus, who afterwards fell into roman captivity, revealed to the emperor what he knew of it, and trajan thus succeeded in appropriating a considerable portion of the secreted treasure, but not the whole, it is said.

in the year 1543 some wallachian fishermen, when mooring their boat on the banks of the river strell, became aware of something shining in the water at the place where a tree had lately been uprooted. pursuing the search, they brought to light more than forty thousand gold-pieces, each of them as heavy as three ducats, and stamped with the image of king decebalus on one side, and that of the goddess of victory on the other. this treasure was delivered up to the monk martinuzzi, the counsellor of queen isabella, and the most powerful man in transylvania of that time. part of the money was sent to the roman emperor, ferdinand i.; but many people declare the treasure of decebalus not to be exhausted even now, and prophesy that we have not yet heard the last of it.

the treasure on the kond.

the kond is a gloomy wooded plain near to the town of regen. great riches are said to be here concealed, but they are difficult to obtain, for the place is haunted by coal-black buffaloes, which may be seen running backward and forward at night, especially about the time of st. george and st. thomas. a citizen named simon hill, who once caught sight of the subterraneous fire, marked the place, resolving{234} to raise the treasure the following night. but distrusting his own strength and courage, he confided his purpose to a neighbor called martin rosenau, asking him to come to the place that night at twelve o’clock.

this neighbor, however, was faithless, being one of those who pray against the catechism; so he resolved to cheat his friend. instead, therefore, of waking his neighbor, as had been agreed, at ten o’clock, he repaired alone to the spot, where, digging, he found nothing but a horse’s skull filled with dead frogs. full of anger at his bad-luck, he took the skull and flung it along with the frogs in at the open window of his sleeping friend. but what was the surprise of this latter when, waking in the morning, he found the whole room strewn with golden ducats, and in the midst the horse’s skull, likewise half full of gold. happy beyond measure, simon hill ran to his neighbor to tell him the joyful news how god had sent him the gold in his sleep; but the faithless martin, on hearing the tale, was so seized with grief and anger that a stroke of apoplexy put an end to his life.

gold-dust.

an old man at nadesch relates how in his youth he missed a chance of becoming a rich man for life. going once to the forest, he saw on the steep bank near a stream the handle of some sort of earthen-ware jar peeping out of the soil. curious to investigate it, he climbed up the steep bank; but hardly had he seized the handle and drawn the heavy jar out of the earth, when, the ground giving way under his feet, he rolled to the bottom of the incline still holding the jar in his hand. but finding that it contained nothing but a dull yellow dust, which had partly been spilled in falling, he threw it as worthless into the stream. often in later days did he regret this rash act, for, as he was told by others, this yellow powder could have been nothing else but gold-dust.

other ancient vessels which have been sometimes discovered filled with ashes[64] are believed by the people to have contained golden treasures, thus changed by the devil to ashes.

there is a plant which is believed by both saxons and roumanians to possess the virtue of opening every lock and breaking iron fetters, as well as helping to the discovery of hidden treasures. the roumanians{235} call it jarbe cherului (iron grass or herb), and it is only efficacious when it has sprouted at the spot where a rainbow has touched the earth. the rainbow is the bridge on which the angels go backward and forward between earth and heaven, and the flower grows there where an angel has dropped his golden key of paradise on to the earth. the germans call the flower schlüssel blume (key-flower), and it may be recognized by having a heart-shaped leaf on which is a spot like a drop of gold or blood. there are several places in transylvania where the plant is supposed to grow, but he who walks over it unheeding will be sure to lose his way. in order to find it, it is recommended to go out at daybreak and creep on all fours over the grass. who finds it should cut open the ball of his left hand and let the leaf grow into the wound; he will then have power to break fetters and open locks. the celebrated robber f—— is said to have been in possession of such a leaf, till the police destroyed his powers by cutting it out of his hand. horses whose fore-legs are tethered together by chains are sometimes set free when they happen to tread on the jarbe cherului; and in the village of heltau a saxon peasant once hit upon the device of putting his wife in chains and thus driving her over the fields, expecting to find the flower where the fetters should fall off.

whoever sells land in certain parts of the country where gold is supposed to be buried is always careful to indorse the reservation of eventual treasures to be found on the spot.

but the people say that it is rarely good to seek for hidden treasures, for much of the gold buried in the country has been secured by a heavy curse, so that he who raises it will be pursued by illness or misfortune to himself and his family, unless he is descended in direct line from the man who buried the treasure. only such treasures as lie above-ground exposed to the light of day may be appropriated without misgiving. many men have lost their reason, or have become crippled or blind, but few indeed were ever made happy by gold dug out of the earth.