pius v wrote at once a brief to d. john of austria, informing him of his appointment, and telling him to come quickly to italy to take command of the fleet, saying that henceforward he looked on d. john as a son; as a father he would care for his interest, and would at once reserve for him the first kingdom conquered from the turk; that d. john was never to forget for a moment the great undertaking which had fallen to his charge, and that he could count on victory, as he (the pope) promised it in god's name.

the pope sent this brief to d. john by his legate a latere to philip ii, cardinal alexandrino, who also bore, at the same time, important communications for the kings of france and portugal. the cardinal alexandrino michele bonelli was a nephew of the pope, and still only a boy, but he had so much prudence and sagacity and tact in the management of affairs, that he enjoyed the full confidence of the pontiff, who had named him his secretary of state. however, the pope wished to counterbalance the youth of alexandrino by the importance and grey hair of those who accompanied him, and sent in his suite hipolito aldobrandini, afterwards clement viii, alessandro rierio, mateo contarelli, and francesco tarugi, all soon afterwards cardinals. this learned and splendid company all disembarked at barcelona, where they found awaiting them the nuncio giovanni battista castagna, afterwards the pope urbain vii, and the general of the dominicans, vincenzo giustiniani; also, representing the king, the legate d. herando de borja, brother of the duque de gandia, and representing d. john of austria, his master of the horse, d. luis de córdoba.

but it happened that while the embassy of pius v was disembarking at barcelona, by other channels came the dreadful news of the surrender of famagusta, the awful death of marco antonio bragadino, and the horrible treachery committed by mustafa on these conquered heroes. for seventy-five days famagusta withstood the assault of 250 galleys which blockaded the island, and of 120,000 turks with whom mustafa besieged the walls of the unhappy town, which had to defend it only 4000 italian soldiers, 200 albanians, 800 horse, and between peasants and fishermen 3000 cypriotes. till at last, defeated and wanting food, the brave governor of the place, marco antonio bragadino, counted the forces left to him, and found them to be only 1700 soldiers and 1200 cypriotes, counting sick and wounded, provision for two days, six barrels of powder, and 120 cannon balls.

then he thought of capitulating, and mustafa favourably received the first overtures they made, loading the officers who went to propose the capitulation with presents and praises. the besieged asked that their officers and men of war might be taken to the isle of crete with their arms and baggage: that the turks should supply galleys for the transport of the troops: that the inhabitants of famagusta should be allowed to keep their property and practise their religion freely.

mustafa agreed to everything, and even wished the soldiers to take five cannon and three picked horses, as a testimony to their heroic defence.

the capitulation was signed by both parties, and the soldiers began at once to embark on the turkish galleys.

the next day bragadino set out from famagusta to deliver up the keys to mustafa, who waited in his tent. he rode a magnificent horse, preceded by trumpeters in gala armour, with surtout of purple and a scarlet umbrella which a squire held over his head. the principal leaders and gentlemen followed, to the number of twenty. mustafa received them in his tent with much courtesy, he made bragadino sit down at his side on the same divan, and talked for a long while of the incidents of the siege. but, suddenly throwing off the mask and revealing his black perfidy, he began to reproach the venetian general with having killed several turkish prisoners in time of truce, and with insolent arrogance and vehemence, asked him, "and what guarantees, christian, are you giving me for the safety of the boats which are taking you to crete?"

bragadino was indignant at this question, which was an outrage on the good faith of venice, and replied that such an insulting suspicion should have been shown before the capitulation was signed. mustafa then rose in a fury, and at a signal, which must have been previously arranged, his guards threw themselves on bragadino and his comrades and loaded them with chains. in front of mustafa's tent there was a wide esplanade, and there they were beheaded, one by one, with such violence that more than once their gore bespattered bragadino's purple surtout; three times they made him kneel down at the block to be beheaded, and as often they took him away again, just for the pleasure of causing him anguish, contenting themselves at last by breaking his teeth, cutting off his nose and ears, and pulling out his nails. meanwhile the turkish seamen threw themselves on the christian officers and soldiers already embarked, took away their arms, and chained them to the benches, to convert them into galley slaves. by dint of tortures the cruel turks wore out the noble bragadino in twelve days. every morning they beat him, tied to a tree, and with two baskets of earth hanging from his neck they made him work at the same forts which the illustrious general had so gallantly defended. when he met mustafa out walking, the soldiers obliged him to kneel down and kiss the dust with his mutilated lips.

mustafa converted the cathedral of famagusta into a mosque, and to celebrate the sacrilegious ceremony, he ordered the martyred bragadino to be brought to his presence. mustafa was seated on the high altar, on the very ara, and from there condemned bragadino to be flayed alive, crying out in a diabolical rage, "where is your christ? see me seated on his altar! why does he not punish me? why does he not set you free?"

bragadino answered nothing, and with the calm dignity of a martyr began to say the miserere. they began flaying him by his feet, fearing that he would not be able to live through the torture, and they were right; when his executioners reached his waist, and while the heroic martyr was repeating the words cor mundum crea in me deus, he gave a dreadful shudder and died. they filled the skin with hay, and put it on the yard of a ship, that all the crews might see it.

these terrible tidings spread fear and consternation everywhere, but specially in italy and spain; because the ottoman monster, with its gory claws fixed in defeated cyprus, was lifting its head and surveying europe, seeking new conquest to satisfy its rage and cupidity. italy and spain were the most exposed to fresh attacks of the monster, with whom no power could then grapple successfully single-handed, and this is why they welcomed the holy league with such enthusiasm, and the anxiety of those who meet with a means of dissipating a looming danger; and for this also, that the arrival of cardinal alexandrino was looked upon in spain as an embassy from heaven, who was come to confer, as defender of the kingdom, the invincible sword of the archangel on d. john of austria, its best loved prince.

the legate's journey from barcelona to madrid was one continued triumphal march, and his entry into the city one of those events which mark the history of a people. the pontifical ambassador lodged provisionally at the convent of atocha, while his official entry into madrid was being prepared.

the next day prince ruy gómez de silva came to visit the legate in the name of the king, accompanied by all the principal personages of the court, with much pomp and decked out with many jewels, and two hours later d. john of austria arrived on the same errand, with the four archdukes rudolph, ernest, albert and wenceslas, brothers of the queen do?a ana, fourth wife of philip ii. the legate was very pleased to make d. john's acquaintance, and talked to him for half an hour, addressing him as highness, which displeased philip, and was the reason why he secretly advised all the chancelleries not thus to address his brother, as philip had not granted him this honour.

the solemn entry of the legate was fixed for the next day, and for it, adjoining the hospital of anton martin, and in front of the gate of that name, was erected a big platform which occupied all the width of the street, with five wide steps by which to mount on to it, covered with costly carpets. in the midst of the platform an altar was raised, with the finest tapestry and ornaments that the palace could provide, and at the back a gorgeous room in which the legate might rest, as from there he was to see all the clergy and monks of madrid and the neighbourhood, who had come to receive him and to offer their homage, pass before him.

at two o'clock d. john of austria set out in a coach, and went to the convent of atocha to pick up the legate, and enter by the gate of st. martin in his company; he was accompanied by his entire household, in gala attire, and by several grandees and gentlemen of the court, whom the king sent to add to his importance. d. john was greatly beloved by the people of madrid, and the naming him generalissimo, and the hopes that all christendom placed in the brave prince, had increased their enthusiasm. his coming was awaited by a great crowd of people, who at once surrounded his coach and accompanied him to atocha, applauding him and shouting for joy. the legate got into d. john's coach wearing his cardinal's cloak, hood and hat, and the enthusiasm of the people grew to such a pitch, and so loudly did they acclaim d. john, the legate and the pope, that alexandrino, not accustomed to such a display of feeling, was first frightened, and then wept for joy, bestowing blessings right and left, anxious to show his gratitude.

when alexandrino arrived at the platform, the procession had already mounted by the street of atocha, and he seated himself on the velvet throne, which was placed on the gospel side, with many monsignori, prelates and gentlemen of his household, and a little before him on his right hand was a papal protonotary with the pontifical standard, which was of white damask, with the tiara and keys on one side and christ on the cross on the other. right and left of the throne and on the steps, the soldiers of spain and germany guarded him like a royal personage. then, before the platform, began to file the confraternities with their standards, the monks with their banners, and the parishes with their crosses, and many of the neighbouring villages had brought their dancers, minstrels, and clarions, and others were accompanied by alcaides, regidors and alguacils, all with their wands. on passing they bowed first to the altar and then to the legate, who, in return, gave them his blessing.

the king had so nicely calculated the time and the distance, that, as the procession left by one side of the square, he entered by the other in a coach, followed by his spanish and german guard and by the hundred noble archers. the king went towards the altar and the legate came to meet him, taking off his hat and the hood of his cloak; to which d. philip replied by bowing, hat in hand.

then there passed between the two many polite words of welcome, and then d. philip and d. john of austria mounted their horses, and the legate a beautiful mule, with cloth of crimson velvet, a present from the city, and they went together to st. mary's to sing a te deum and announce the arrival of the legate.

twelve trumpeters headed the march with the attendants; two spare horses covered with crimson velvet with fringes and trimmings of gold, with saddles and saddle-cloths and bridles of great value; the family, attendants and retainers, lackeys and pages with their bags of crimson velvet embroidered with gold. the household of the legate and then that of the alcaides de corte, many private gentlemen and members of the orders, gentlemen purveyors and of the bedchamber, and a great concourse of nobles and native and foreign gentlemen. then followed the masters of the horse and stewards of the king, queen, princess, and of d. john of austria, and mixing among them, in different lines, gentlemen and prelates who had come with cardinal alexandrino.

then a short space, in the midst of which rode, dressed in mulberry, a protonotary with the pontifical standard, preceded by two lictors, and followed by two others wearing the livery of the legate and carrying the fasces of the roman consuls of old, which had been granted to the popes, as a sign of great respect, by the emperor constantine.

the standard was escorted by two of alexandrino's mace-bearers and four of the king's, with their coats of arms and crowned maces, and then followed the grandees in such numbers, that seldom have so many been together at one ceremony.

then came d. john of austria, and twenty paces behind, the king, giving the legate his right hand; but whether it was accidental or intentional, it happened that on entering the street of léon d. john fell back to the king's left, and the three proceeded in a row, conversing pleasantly, which was so extraordinary and unlike the rigid etiquette always observed by d. philip, that it was interpreted as a public honour the king was doing to the generalissimo of the holy league, and was greeted and welcomed by the populace with great applause and renewed rejoicing and enthusiasm.

at the porch of st. mary's the king took leave of the legate, without alighting, doffing his hat with great politeness, and the legate replied from his mule, in his turn taking off his hood and hat.

then in the historic church they sang the te deum and the regina c?li l?tare; alexandrino gave the blessing from the epistle side, and a protonotary announced afterwards to the people, from the centre of the altar, that the very illustrious lord cardinal alexandrino, nephew of the very holy father and lord pius v, came to these kingdoms of spain as legate a latere of his holiness, and conceded 200 years of pardon to those present.

this ended the ceremony, and d. john of austria got into his coach again with the legate, and conducted him to the lodging which was prepared in the house of d. pedro de mendoza, where the presidents of castille afterwards lived.