kapilavastu. its desolation. legends of buddha’s birth, and other incidents in connexion with it.

less than a yojana to the east from this brought them to the city of kapilavastu;1 but in it there was neither king nor people. all was mound and desolation. of inhabitants there were only some monks and a score or two of families of the common people. at the spot where stood the old palace of king suddhodana2 there have been made images of the prince (his eldest son) and his mother;3 and at the places where that son appeared mounted on a white elephant when he entered his mother’s womb,4 and where he turned his carriage round on seeing the sick man after he had gone out of the city by the eastern gate,5 topes have been erected. the places (were also pointed out)6 where (the rishi) a-e7 inspected the marks (of buddhaship on the body) of the heir-apparent (when an infant); where, when he was in company with nanda and others, on the elephant being struck down and drawn to one side, he tossed it away;8 where he shot an arrow to the south-east, and it went a distance of thirty le, then entering the ground and making a spring to come forth, which men subsequently fashioned into a well from which travellers might drink;9 where, after he had attained to wisdom, buddha returned and saw the king, his father;10 where five hundred sakyas quitted their families and did reverence to upali11 while the earth shook and moved in six different ways; where buddha preached his law to the devas, and the four deva kings and others kept the four doors (of the hall), so that (even) the king, his father, could not enter;12 where buddha sat under a nyagrodha tree, which is still standing,13 with his face to the east, and (his aunt) maja-prajapati presented him with a sanghali;14 and (where) king vaidurya slew the seed of sakya, and they all in dying became srotapannas.15 a tope was erected at this last place, which is still existing.

several le north-east from the city was the king’s field, where the heir-apparent sat under a tree, and looked at the ploughers.16

fifty le east from the city was a garden, named lumbini,17 where the queen entered the pond and bathed. having come forth from the pond on the northern bank, after (walking) twenty paces, she lifted up her hand, laid hold of a branch of a tree, and, with her face to the east, gave birth to the heir-apparent.18 when he fell to the ground, he (immediately) walked seven paces. two dragon-kings (appeared) and washed his body. at the place where they did so, there was immediately formed a well, and from it, as well as from the above pond, where (the queen) bathed,19 the monks (even) now constantly take the water, and drink it.

there are four places of regular and fixed occurrence (in the history of) all buddhas:— first, the place where they attained to perfect wisdom (and became buddha); second, the place where they turned the wheel of the law;20 third, the place where they preached the law, discoursed of righteousness, and discomfited (the advocates of) erroneous doctrines; and fourth, the place where they came down, after going up to the trayatrimsas heaven to preach the law for the benefit of their mothers. other places in connexion with them became remarkable, according to the manifestations which were made at them at particular times.

the country of kapilavastu is a great scene of empty desolation. the inhabitants are few and far between. on the roads people have to be on their guard against white elephants21 and lions, and should not travel incautiously.