liberation of the prisoners of war.

during the more than usually successful campaign of the amhára host, an opportunity was afforded us of laying down, as scientifically as very limited time would permit, an extensive and most interesting tract of country hitherto scarcely known—not to be explored by the adventurous but single traveller, and only to be visited under the peculiar advantages afforded to the british embassy by the despotic negoos. we were all much disappointed that this acquaintance should not have extended to the lake zooai, as anticipated from the manifesto originally promulgated at machal-wans; but ayto bérri, many years quarter-master-general of the royal troops, who, in his quondam capacity of mohammadan rover, had often visited that famous expanse of water, strongly discountenanced the contemplated measure of molesting the inoffensive inhabitants of its five islands—mixed christians and pagans living in profound peace with each other, and with every surrounding neighbour. to his advice may in some measure be ascribed the alteration in the king’s intentions; but the argument which had probably more weight with his majesty than the harmless attributes of the population, was based on the dense and difficult character of the extensive forests, swarming with galla and with wild beasts, through which the army must pass, after crossing the pillaged valley of germáma.

the christian camp at boora roofa was crowded with disconsolate groups of heathen captives, many with infants at their backs, and nearly all in a state of nudity, with long raven tresses streaming wildly over their shoulders. hopeless slavery was theirs; but influenced by my earnest remonstrance, aided by the active and reverend missionary. dr krapf, whom philanthropic feelings had enabled to endure the uncongenial atmosphere of ignorance and unbelief—whom the purest and most praiseworthy motives had induced to obey the royal summons to the field, and who, from his long experience, knew when to touch the latent spark of mercy,—the king wiped out the foul stain of the preceding day by consenting to liberate the whole. ere the nugáreet sounded the return of the troops, a proclamation went forth commanding the immediate release of every prisoner of war; and as the dissatisfied army turned its back upon the valley, long files of widowed dames and fatherless girls were to be seen hurrying in freedom across the hills towards their desolate hearths, overjoyed at the sudden and unexpected restoration of their liberty through the white man’s intercession—the ruthless soldiery, disappointed at the loss of their booty, having previously stripped the last covering from all, and sent them forth naked as they came into the world.

it would be superfluous to dwell upon the satisfaction which filled the breast of every member of the embassy, at this signal victory over savage ferocity; and heartfelt were the congratulations on all sides, that providence had permitted us to be thus instrumental in ameliorating the condition of so large a number of our fellow-creatures.

a long march brought us the same day to the river alelta, a tributary to the nile, and forming near the encampment lake sertie, a full mile in diameter, bounded by low hills of trachyte and porphyry. a web of deep miry ravines, shut in by high crumbling banks, presented a wet and slippery footing, and many were the disasters that befel the demure dames of the royal kitchen. wicker parasols might be seen floating down the current as the luckless proprietors struggled in the black slimy mud among mules and war-steeds, or emerged in truly pitiable condition to be censured by the austere guardians, who, horror-stricken, had witnessed from above the absence of all order and decorum.

each moment rendered the treacherous passage more and more impracticable; and it was not difficult to understand how, in the month of june the preceding year, the spot should have proved the grave of eight hundred of the amhára cavalry. at that season the country, flooded for many miles around, becomes one great quagmire, which is not to be crossed without extreme caution. before the king had passed with the main body of the victorious troops escorting immense plunder, the sertie galla, taking advantage of superior knowledge of the locality, completely cut off the van of the army, consisting of the mentshar and bulga detachments. they had become entangled in the mazy labyrinth, and were massacred to a man ere assistance could be rendered by the matchlock-men of the bodyguard, who did not reach the ground until the enemy were in full retreat.

his majesty’s object in now revisiting the scene of this catastrophe was sufficiently obvious. no sooner had the imperial cavalcade halted among the bleached skeletons of the fallen warriors, than champions, whose steeds were distinguished by greasy garments stripped from the bodies of galla victims, caracoled proudly in front of the state umbrellas, brandishing their bright weapons aloft—exhibiting the human fragments that had been won during the recent bloody foray—and after a detail of their individual exploits, shouting defiance to the humbled sertie. the wild triumphal exhibition concluding after half an hour, a band of music advanced, and continued to play until the pavilion had been prepared for the royal reception.

early the ensuing morning the king sent confidentially to my tent, to inquire if none of his guests could divine whether the day were propitious to the advance of the army—a point upon which he felt somewhat dubious. our confession of lamentable want of skill in augury was succeeded by a march of sixteen miles to ellulee jidda over a monotonous landscape of swelling downs and shallow valleys, intersected by streamlets that had scooped deep channels in the loose black soil. the stately relict of a deceased galla chieftain rode through the ranks with her tribute in horses and kine, and experienced a most gallant reception at the hands of the monarch. she might have sat for the portrait of la belle sauvage, but the grease wherein the person of the handsome dame was embedded, tended unfortunately to destroy the romance inseparable from her amazonian appearance and feudal condition.

various triumphant detachments also met the royal cortege en route, the chiefs and victorious warriors careering in succession before the van of the army, with green sprigs of asparagus waving above their dishevelled and newly-dressed locks. prisoners were seated behind the cruppers of some of the more merciful, and the flank of each grey steed was dyed with clotted human gore. a short rambling recitative, expressive of loyalty and devotion in the field, was followed by savage yells and whoops, twice or thrice re-echoed by their marshalled band of followers, when they vaulted lightly from the saddle, prostrated themselves on the ground, and galloped off, each in his turn, to make way for some new squadron, whose war chorus came pealing over the hills—

“the combat’s past, the fight is won,

then triumph o’er the prostrate foe;

the heathen blood has freely run,

raise high the chaunt, wokó, wokó.

“let hill and dale return the note,

wokó, wokó, ayah wokó;

loud ring from every christian throat

the shout of death, wokó, wokó.”

whilst the army was encamping, the legion of ayto shishigo, rejoining the royal division with three thousand head of oxen, in like manner reported their successful exploits to the king, who, as usual, occupied the summit of an adjacent eminence. tribute was still in a course of diligent collection, and galla chieftains, with their hair plaited after the model of the lotus-flower, were flocking with their dues from all directions. one refractory village only, of the jidda tribe, withholding its impost of a single horse, paid the penalty of its folly. the inhabitants fled, but their deserted houses were sacked and consigned to the flames, the stakes and palisades by which, in common with every hamlet in this direction, it was strongly fortified, affording fuel for the royal kitchen, and subsequently a scramble to one half of the army.