the one-eyed family. háo, and first glimpse of the háwash.

the arab chieftain of the foudthli, of whom flying parties still infest the deserts of aden, is renowned for the possession of two thumbs upon the dexter hand—a proud distinction by which his ancestors have been recognised from time immemorial. she?kh oomer buttoo ibn ali, akil of the tukha?el, who occupy the country from the oasis of yoor era?n mároo to háo, a few miles eastward of the háwash, glories in the loss of the sinister eye; and he is reputed to have forfeited it by an hereditary visitation, which through every generation has disfigured his ancestors in like manner—no single head of the illustrious line having been known to possess two eyes! this venerable polyphemus visited the camp after dark, attended by his hopeful son and heir, who has already qualified for the succession; and after receiving each a piece of blue calico in the clandestine manner which these savages prefer to a more orthodox public presentation, they slunk away, well satisfied with their booty.

a group of slatternly females belonging to the ittoo galla had sauntered carelessly into camp with ox-hides for sale, and tobacco, the produce of their own high lulls; and their abrupt departure as the evening shades drew on, had led to suspicions anent the object of their visit. at the going down of the sun therefore a caution was promulgated by the ras, enjoining a vigilant look out for galla and wild beasts; and his earnestness might almost have led to the anticipation of a rush of wild equestrians through the encampment, or a charge of hungry lions from the adjacent gloomy thicket, before the termination of the first watch. but the cry of “wolf!” had been too often dinned into every ear; and although both elders and escort had sworn that this night at least should be one of wakefulness, no surprise was elicited by the disappearance of their bushy heads, one after the other, beneath the mats—an example which was speedily followed by all the europeans off duty, as the rain began again to tumble in torrents,

“et veterem in limo ranae cecinere querelam.”

the fear of attracting the “buddoo,” as the much-dreaded marauders of every class were generically designated, still invariably brought an order which there was no gainsaying, to strike and pack the tent before sunset, however threatening the aspect of the weather. but the despotism of the ras was light in comparison with the tyranny exercised by his unaccommodating train. at whatever hour of the night the arbitrary mandate to load might be promulgated, it was required that the bedding of the whole party should forthwith be delivered at the quarters of the arrogant driver to whom it pertained, since he declined making his camel walk to the spot. moreover the delay of a few minutes was sufficient to condemn it to be left on the ground, notwithstanding that preparations often occupied two hours, which might as well have been devoted to rest; and this wanton curtailment of sleep was doubly felt after the heavy nocturnal duty that devolved upon all.

the route on the 9th led across the flat of halik-diggi kabír, a continuation of the moolu plain, extending from the azbóti and ittoo ranges to the mountains aiúlloo and abida. twelve miles in breadth, it presents one monotonous alluvial level, treeless, but thickly covered with grass, interspersed with dwarf shrubs, and enlivened by herds of the elegant mhorr, amongst which the secretary bird occasionally strutted in native dignity. baézas and zebras, too, were descried on the hills which bound the flat; and a luckless leopard being detected in the act of stealing across the expanse, the savage group pursued like demons from every quarter, and having presently hooted and hunted the terrified animal into a bush, transfixed his carcass incontinently with thirty spears.

the whole landscape was alive during this animated scene, which scarcely occupied a minute; and in due process of time the panting warriors rejoined the caravan, their necks, spears, and shields adorned with strips of the victim’s tail, whilst he who by dint of superior wind and fleetness had drawn the first blood, was by his comrades publicly invested with the spotted spoils that he had won. the appearance of the party on their return, accompanied by a stray horseman who had fortuitously joined in the chase, gave birth in the bosom of the ras to an apprehension that the ittoo galla were descending upon the caravan. the ranks were accordingly closed, and the europeans again took post on the flank to be assailed, until a nearer approach revealed in the savage band the features of friends.

a descent of thirty feet over a narrow tongue of land, led into the valley of halik-diggi zúghir, styled by the ada?el the great háwash—its breadth being about two and a half miles, and the bed a perfect level, covered with fine grass, on which grazed a troop of wild asses. bounded throughout the serpentine progress by parallel banks of corresponding height and appearance, the hollow would seem to extend from the mountains of the ittoo galla north to the aiúlloo volcano. it wears the aspect of having been once the channel of a considerable stream—that of the háwash perhaps, which river may not improbably have been diverted into its present course at the period when the extensive volcanic tract around mount abida was in a state of activity, and when subterranean influence must have caused extraordinary revolutions in the entire aspect of the country.

here occurred the last specimen seen of the kurbéta, the myrrh-bearing tree (balsamodendron myrrha), of which two varieties are found abundantly over all the barren hill-sides, from the doomi valley to the borders of the háwash. that producing the better description of the gum resin, is a dwarf shrub, with deeply serrated crisp leaves of a dull green; whereas the other, yielding a substance more like balm than myrrh, attains a height of ten feet, and has bright shining leaves. from any bruise or incision inflicted, the “hofali” flows copiously in the form of a milky juice, possessing a perceptible acidity, which either evaporates or becomes chemically changed when the gum forms. left ungathered, it becomes hard with the loss of the volatile oil, and thus crumbles away; but if the wound be cleared frequently, a very large quantity may be collected during the seasons, which occur in january when the buds appear after the first rain, and again when the seeds are ripe, in march.

three ounces of the finest myrrh and one of dross, may thus be obtained during the year, and the secreting vessels lying immediately under the epidermis, a very slight bend in a branch makes it flow freely. the wandering shepherds either tear off one of the lower limbs, or so bruise the stem with a heavy stone as to retard the growth of the tree; but every new sprout is spontaneously covered with gum, although in a somewhat more fluid state. repeated injuries in the same spot lead to the formation of an ever-filling cavity, and

“the mirrhe sweete bleeding in the bitter wounde,”

is transferred by each passer-by to the hollow boss of his shield, to be exchanged for a handful of tobacco with the next slave-dealer met on the caravan road. but the danákil are not altogether ignorant of the virtues of the drug, and invariably recommended it for those of the horses that were unable to proceed from heat and exhaustion.

it has been seen that from yoor era?n mároo, an accession to the escort was received in the person of the hopeful son of datah mohammad, co-chief of the sidi hábroo. this insatiable vagabond, a worthy scion of his stock, had received from the hand of nature an aspect that could only have belonged to a finished cut-throat. deeply scarred with the small-pox, his bloated half-shaven muzzle peered through a tangled web of grease-clotted hair, like a drowsy owl out of an ivy bush. he presented a truly striking picture of man in the natural state. although never without a new quid in his mouth, and another half masticated behind either ear, he passed hours of each day in importuning for more “timboo” of which he was the most passionate admirer; and it was his undeviating rule never to pass a white face without repeating in an authoritative tone the trisyllable “irreboot” in token of his determination to add still farther to his stock in hand of yam-needles, which already outnumbered the quills of the porcupine.

firmly persuaded that every mule with the party had been purchased for his especial riding, and equally convinced that his presence was indispensable to the general safety, he appropriated the very first that came within his reach, changing it as often as he thought proper, and never leaving it without a galled back. if not a professor of equitation, he was at all events devoted to the science, and it was with a fiendish scowl indeed that while crossing halik-diggi zughír he received an order to dismount from a steed which he had selected out of the drove for the purpose of riding down an oryx. “tuwwaddee!” “attend,” he mumbled sulkily as he thrust away the animal with the butt of his spear,—“tuwwaddee! i am a great man’s son, and have no intention of walking. if i am not to have a horse, you may even settle as best you can with my father’s bedouins.”

mules, horses, and camels, in considerable numbers, were abandoned before the termination of this tedious and sultry march—fatigue, want of water, and lack of forage, having reduced all to such positive skeletons that they walked with difficulty. ascending three successive terraces, each of fifty feet elevation, the road finally wound into the confined and waterless valley of háo, famous for the number of parties that have at various times been surprised and cut up by the neighbouring galla—

“for, with hot rapine fir’d, ensuiguin’d man

is here become the lion of the plain,

and worse.”

not a month had elapsed since three ill-starred individuals of a tajúra caravan, impatient to satisfy burning thirst, hurrying in advance of the main body, were cut off by a band of galla horsemen, who had lain concealed behind the rocks immediately above the present encamping ground, and who, after mutilating the bodies, bore off their barbarous trophies in triumph. the dale hard by had only two nights previously to the arrival of the present party, formed the scene of a skirmish between the ittoo and the inhabitants of the plain, when the bodies of twenty of the former and nine of the latter were left to the vultures and hyaenas. every hill and valley in this direction could, in fact, tell its individual tale of bloodshed and slaughter. the wild barbarians keep a constant look out to pounce upon any wanderers weaker than themselves, and few are the natives to be seen who bear not on their persons some indelible mark of hand to hand combat.

fatigued by the long march, the danákil were all fast asleep within their temporary sheds, a few of the drivers excepted, who tended their browsing camels among the adjacent thorns. in an instant the whole valley rang with the cry to assemble at arms, and inconceivable was the confusion that ensued. many of the escort, only half awake, in rushing forth overthrew portions of their dens upon others who were still inside. warrior clashed against warrior, shield against shield. the rocky hill-side was presently a living mass of half-clad savages, panting up the steep acclivity, when a few galla scouts, whose sudden appearance on the plain had caused the alarm, were perceived mounting their steeds; and, understanding themselves to be the objects of these warlike preparations, they precipitately sped their way.

from the summit of the height was obtained an exhilarating prospect over the dark lone valley of the long-looked-for háwash. the course of the shining river was marked by a dense belt of trees and verdure, which stretches towards the base of the great mountain range, whereof the cloud-capped cone that frowns over the capital of shoa forms the most conspicuous feature. although still far distant, the ultimate destination of the embassy seemed almost to have been gained; and none had an idea of the length of time that must elapse ere his foot should press the soil of ankóber. a day of intense heat was as usual followed by a heavy fall of rain, which, owing to the unaccommodating arrangement again peremptorily exacted, of striking the tent at sunset, thoroughly drenched the whole party; but before finally drawing the mat over his sleepy head, the ras el káfilah mounted a cone which stood in the centre of the compact circle, and proclaimed in a loud voice to all, a night of light sleep and watchfulness.