sankul, and suggagédan. dawáylaka and amádoo in the limits of the galeyla muda?to.

ascending by an extremely bad road the broken range to the southward, which commands a fine prospect over the valley of gobaad, the káfilah reached sankul on the 17th. it forms the focus of several small dales converging from the table-land, and shut in from all breeze by the surrounding steep black cliffs of basalt, passing into hornblende. a small cave near the encamping ground was occupied by a colony of industrious bees, and at the only well, flocks of the diminutive black-faced berbera sheep were drinking from a trough formed of an ox-hide stretched between four stakes, to which the water was transferred in gourds by greasy bedouin shepherdesses. the evening was passed in perpetual wrangling with these matrons during the operation of filling up the water-skins; and sad presage was afforded of a coming day of drought, which the exhausted and sinking cattle of the caravan were hourly waxing less able to endure.

the next march led over the high table-land of hood ali, a stony level thickly studded with dry grass, and extending in one monotonous plateau far as the eye could reach. the fetid carrion-flower here presented its globular purple blossoms among the crevices, and a singular medicinal plant, termed lab-lubba, was detected by the keen eye of a savage who had before evinced a latent taste for botanical studies. the usual encamping ground at arabdéra was found to be pre-occupied by a nomade tribe of bedouin goat-herds, who monopolised the scanty water. descending the range, therefore, the bluff brow of which commanded an extensive prospect over the wide level valley of dullool, the káfilah halted at suggagédan. this arid spot in the strand-like waste was covered with masses of lava and with blocks of basalt from the adjacent hills. it was parched by a burning atmosphere, and afforded no water whatever—calamities which resulted in the abandonment of a horse and two of the mules that were no longer able to bear up against thirst and fatigue; whilst many others now dragged their weary limbs with difficulty, and seemed but too well disposed to follow the example.

dullool is one thousand two hundred and twenty-eight feet above the level of the sea—a perfect flat, covered with alluvial deposit, and studded with extensive tracts of coarse dry grass in tufts, among which, as the almost interminable string of camels crossed the following morning, both ostriches and gazelles were descried. it is bounded by a bold mountain range, and the further extremity of the plain, towards the foot of jebel márie, is perfectly bare, stretching away to the westward, in one uninterrupted sheet of hard compact mud, which imparts the aspect of the runn of cutch. a herd of wild asses, precisely similar to those found on the indian salt desert, materially enhanced the resemblance; and the sun, which had now attained considerable altitude, casting his rays in a full blaze over the naked plain, called up the dancing mirage that was alone wanting to complete the picture.

on this level expanse, which terminates in a cul-de-sac, shut in by high basaltic walls, inaccessible either to man or beast, the ada?el affect to ride down the wild ass, upon lean mules forsooth, and to rip up the quarry with their creeses. there had been much vain-glorious talking upon this head, but it ended, like every danákil boast, in nothing. the hawk-eye of the ogre detected an out-lying mare among the ravines at the foot of the range, and he dashed off the road with such lightning speed, that the animal narrowly escaped being hemmed into a corner; but once on the broad desert, and she tossed her arched neck, kicked up her wanton heels, and laughed at the absurd efforts of her impotent pursuers.

loose stones again strewed the approach to the márie range, which is of trap formation, of a slaty texture, stained with red iron oxide, and intersected by veins of iron clay. a breach in the hills, here about a thousand or twelve hundred feet high, formed a steep sloping ridge of lava rocks, containing quantities of carbonate of lime, disposed in rhomboids and hexagonal sheets. in this nook, surrounded by a thick jungle of acacia, were sundry basins filled with clear water, to which the solar rays had not penetrated. they afforded most refreshing draughts; and the skins having been replenished, the encampment was formed at dawáylaka, a full mile beyond. márie is not a word of either arabic or dankáli derivation; whence it seems not improbable that this bold range of hills may in days of yore have been named by some wanderer from the west.

a fine fresh morning succeeded to a very sultry night, passed upon the hard hot stones; and at break of day, the cattle having been taken to the pools, where, at so early an hour, they would drink but little, the skins were again replenished, and the caravan pursued its march to oomergooloof, which can boast of no water at any season. of two roads, the lower, but more level, was adopted, in consequence of the exhaustion of the beasts of burthen. it led across a dry desert plain of six miles, over which the delusion of mirage was complete. covering the valley far as the eye could reach, to the foot of the hills which rise abruptly on all sides, it imparted the appearance of an extensive bay, shut in by projecting headlands—a still calm lake, so unmoved by the wind that every cliff was most distinctly reflected on the mirror of its glassy bosom.

approaching from a higher level, a ripple played upon the surface of the visionary water; and the vapour being too subtle to screen irregularities of the ground, the aqueous expanse soon became gradually disunited, until it ultimately vanished altogether. the scene, cool and pleasant whilst it endured, formed a striking contrast to the baked alluvial desert under foot, destitute of even a vestige of vegetation, but over which was wafted a zephyr as unlooked-for as refreshing. thrown in a particular way, and on certain atoms, rays of light produce illusions to the vision which are often embodied after the likeness of objects most deeply dwelling in the imagination. thus it was that the character of the headlands of dullool, square and perpendicular, together with an islet riding like a ship at her cable in the centre of the molten basin, aided the striking similarity of names in the respective neighbourhoods, to bring vividly before the eyes of all, the apparition of the bay of goobut el kharáb.

immediately opposite to oomergooloof is a projecting spur from jebel oobnoo, a lofty range visible to the westward; and this divides the plain into two valleys, whereof the southern-most is denominated wady arfa. the márie range here towers overhead, steep and precipitous, to the height of about nine hundred feet; stupendous masses of rock which have been detached from the summit, and strew the entire base, corroborating the assertion of the danákil that earthquakes are frequently felt in the vicinity. nomade tribes with their families and flocks, having settled at the wells which exist at a distance, had compelled the gentler portion of the libyan creation to resort to regions more blest with water; and not even a desert-loving gazelle was espied during the march of twelve miles.

ibrahim shehém ablí had long viewed with the eye of bigoted disapproval, the attentions paid by one of the mohammadan followers to two canine companions of the party, pets that had survived the passage of the fiery teháma, but whose feet had become so lacerated by the hot lava boulders as to incapacitate them from walking. quilp—for so the offending moslem was styled from his striking resemblance to that notable character—was in the act of extricating his wire-haired charge from the panniers wherein they travelled, when the irascible little warrior approached, and, drawing his trenchant blade, swore with a dreadful anathema to exterminate him on the spot. “dog, and father of dogs,” he exclaimed, seizing the dismayed mortal by the throat, “beware how thou again defilest thy fingers with those accursed curs, or by the beard of the prophet i will sever thy gullet as one who has brought foul discredit upon the faith.” then relaxing his grasp, and sheathing his creese with a horizontal flourish, he threw himself into the attitude of a slaughtered victim, and closed the significant lecture by mimicry of the gurgle heard in a divided windpipe, whence the tide of life is welling.

several herds of cattle pertaining to the issehirába muda?to, grazed in the neighbourhood; and these were said to derive their supply of water from pools formed by a cluster of hot sulphureous springs at the further extremity of the plain, which, with a loud noise, rise bubbling from the earth at a boiling temperature. possessing marvellous medicinal properties, they are believed to be a panacea for every malady: but the tribe not being on terms with the danákil, these thermal wells could not be visited, neither could water be obtained either for man or beast. a few muda?to females, with their children, strolled into the camp to sell sheep, and stare at the feringees; but the ras el káfilah would scarcely permit them to be spoken to, and was in a nervous fidget until they departed. avowing that these greasy dames had come for no other purpose than to spy out the nakedness of the land, and that the creeses of their liege lords would prove troublesome during the night, he strictly interdicted all wandering beyond camp limits, and insisted upon the discharge of several volleys of musketry in addition to the cartridge expended at guard-mounting, and at every relief of sentries.

the sky having become gradually overcast towards evening, a deluge, equally to be desired and dreaded, was deemed close at hand, but the threatening appearance passed off with the hot blast of the shimál, accompanied by a cloud of dust, and followed by a close oppressive night. skirting the márie range to a tract thickly strewed with rounded masses of lava and basalt, the detritus from the adjacent hills, the road now wound over a volcanic ridge which divides the valley of dullool from that of amádoo, running exactly parallel to it. in this latter the caravan halted on the 21st, about a mile from a large pool of rain-water, occupying a rocky nook formed by huge blocks of basalt. the stagnant green fluid was far more palatable than it looked, although troubled by a legion of homed cattle, asses, goats, and sheep, the property of the galeyla muda?to, who were encamped in great force in the neighbourhood, and looked what they are said to be—most desperate villains.

altogether it was a bustling scene. herdsmen shouted in every direction to their kine, whose sinister glances and lowered heads proclaimed their dislike of the white intruders; flocks of somauli sheep, with incommodiously overgrown tails, swam about like otters to cool their heated skins; numbers of bedouin damsels, after laving their own greasy persons, replenished their dirty water-skins; and one wrinkled old hag, in direct breach of the moslem prejudice against “man’s friend,” was absolutely detected in the act of cleansing the rough coat of her own pet-dog.

this pastoral scene of savage life, where the peaceful occupation of the shepherd contrasted strangely with the presence of spear and buckler, was about mid-day exchanged for the tent. a crowd of listless, tattooed savages, bearing very indifferent characters for honesty, soon swaggered in to see what they could pick up, and presently waxed so passing insolent that it was deemed prudent to intimidate them by a display of rifle-practice. emboldened by numbers, they had begun to question old izhák regarding his right to conduct strangers through the country without the permission, first duly obtained, of the “lords of the soil;” but seeing the stones fly about in splinters at two hundred and fifty yards they were not long in decamping, and gave no further annoyance. the galeyla tribe of muda?to, which still boasts of the most expert and notorious thieves in the country, is, as might be conjectured, on no very amicable terms with the danákil; and the very severe chastisement it received at the hands of lohe?ta ibn ibrahim sufficiently accounted for the sudden desertion of the unattended ogre, who donned his seven-league boots, and strode back to his castle from dawáylaka, after he had pledged himself to accompany the party to the borders of the territory occupied by mohammad ali’s clan.

from amádoo, aussa was represented to be only one day’s journey for a swift mule, and two for a caravan of laden camels, the road branching off across wady arfa, and over the jebel oobnoo range, by which the extensive valley is bounded. at this point, moreover, had ceased the pretended influence of mohammad ibn mohammad, sultán of tajúra, the utter futility of propitiating whom had long been sufficiently apparent. although in the eyes of the uninitiated it was no difficult matter to invest this avaricious imbecile with supreme authority over a fiery desolate tract, in most parts obviously unfitted for human location, his own immediate retainers did not now conceal that mirsa dukhán, and the gollo mountains near the salt lake, bound even his nominal jurisdiction. he is in fact sultán of the sultry strand whereon his frail tenement is erected; for the few lawless wanderers beyond, over whom he would assert supremacy, are universally thieves and murderers, who disdain all fixed abode, disclaim all mortal control, and acknowledge their own unbridled inclinations as their only master.