returning thence to the high street, we followed it up to the castle, which is nearer the town, and of more easy access from it, than i had supposed. there is a large court or parade before the castle gate, with a parapet on the abrupt side of the hill, looking towards arthur's seat and salisbury crags, mud overhanging a portion of the old town. as we leaned over this parapet, my nose was conscious of the bad odor of edinburgh, although the streets, whence it must have come, were hundreds of feet below. i have had some experience of this ugly smell in the poor streets of liverpool; but i think i never perceived it before crossing the atlantic. it is the odor of an old system of life; the scent of the pine forests is still too recent with us for it to be known in america.

the castle of edinburgh is free (as appears to be the case with all garrisoned places in great britain) to the entrance of any peaceable person. so we went in, and found a large space enclosed within the walls, and dwellings for officers, and accommodation for soldiers, who were being drilled, or loitering about; and as the hill still ascends within the external wall of the castle, we climbed to the summit, and there found an old soldier whom we engaged to be our guide. he showed us mons meg, a great old cannon, broken at the breech, but still aimed threateningly from the highest ramparts; and then he admitted us into an old chapel, said to have been built by a queen of scotland, the sister of harold, king of england, and occupying the very highest part of the hill. it is the smallest place of worship i ever saw, but of venerable architecture, and of very solid construction. the old soldier had not much more to show us; but he pointed out the window whence one of the kings of scotland is said, when a baby, to have been lowered down, the whole height of the castle, to the bottom of the precipice on which it stands,—a distance of seven hundred feet.

after the soldier had shown us to the extent of his jurisdiction, we went into a suite of rooms, in one of which i saw a portrait of queen mary, which gave me, for the first time, an idea that she was really a very beautiful woman. in this picture she is wonderfully so,—a tender womanly grace, which was none the less tender and graceful for being equally imbued with queenly dignity and spirit. it was too lovely a head to be cut off. i should be glad to know the authenticity of this picture.

i do not know that we did anything else worthy of note, before leaving edinburgh. there is matter enough, in and about the town, to interest the visitor for a very long time; but when the visit is calculated on such brevity as ours was, we get weary of the place, before even these few hours come to an end. thus, for my part, i was not sorry when, in the course of the afternoon, we took the rail for melrose, where we duly arrived, and put up at the george inn.