meanwhile the navy had not been altogether idle, though the result of its activity was not great. by the middle of june the pallada, in dry dock, was ready to go to sea, and the battleships cesarevitch and retvisan—the pride of the pacific ocean fleet—were ready to throw the bandages off their now healed wounds. we were all greatly excited, for if only the fleet could put out at full strength and get the command of the sea, the transport of troops to dalny, now being carried on daily right under our very noses, would be stopped, and then what might not happen? important meetings were frequently held at admiral witgeft's; but though the ships were ready, the council, attended by all flag officers and captains of ships, was divided into two parties—one for going to sea, the other against it. at the meeting on june 18 a telegram from the viceroy was communicated, in which the fleet was ordered to steam out and engage the enemy, choosing the most favourable conditions, and taking every precaution. the time chosen for the start was the turn of the tide—daybreak—on june 24; but when the hour came the pobieda was not ready, and her captain was ill, so it was put off till dawn the following morning. there were great efforts made to keep this secret, as, owing to the removal of the gendarmerie to liao-tieh-shan by st?ssel, the place swarmed with spies.

[pg 97]

at three o'clock, after the twinkling of many lights, a signal was hoisted, and the fleet came to life. at 4.21 the novik slipped quietly out into the outer roads, and after her the other ships in turn, the pallada being the last to pass through the narrows; but the fleet was short of the following guns: one 12-inch, twenty-six 6-inch, and thirty 3-inch, and four of the ships had captains who had not commanded them at sea before. from the highest point of golden hill the whole squadron could be distinctly seen in the clear morning air. the channels in its course had been swept for mines, some of which, while being drawn in, had exploded quite close to the ships lying at anchor. seven mines were found near the cesarevitch alone! notwithstanding all our efforts at clearance, the roads were always more or less full of them, and every officer and man going out to sea, though the enemy were miles away, was gambling for his life. this is mentioned because what our sailors had to go through and their great services at port arthur are now forgotten in russia. russia has forgotten in the whirlwind of the movement for political freedom that for eleven weary months her loyal sons in arthur tried to save the waning greatness of their native land.

as the bayan slowly passed out far below, the bitter words i had once heard about the state of the russian navy, uttered by one of its officers, recurred to me: 'so long as our fleet is purely for parades and peaceful political demonstrations; so long as its admirals do not serve and work hard in peace-time, doing active duty, and not merely writing orders; so long as the officers are promoted for anything but their capabilities and services; so long as they do not know their ships as the five fingers of their hands; so long as the whole complement of the navy does not like the sea; so long as the naval department does not cease trying to economize in what is the essence[pg 98] of a fleet (shooting and cruising); so long as it hesitates to rid the administration of the fleet of venerable, bent old men and "shore admirals"; so long as the naval college does not turn out men fond of the sea and the navy, we and the senior officers can do nothing, and our fleet will glide down the facile descent of deterioration. i say this from bitter personal experience: i say that we are absolutely unprepared. we will do what we can; we are ready to die—and we must die in the unequal struggle.' as these words came back to my mind, suggested by the bayan gliding slowly past down below, i looked up from her to the horizon where, far away, could be seen the japanese ships waiting for ours. of course they knew we were coming out, and were ready. what did they not know? probably the opinion just quoted would be no news to them. by one o'clock our ships had moved out into the open sea, where togo with his whole fleet was awaiting them. the destroyers out ahead, supported by the novik and askold, at once engaged the enemy's scouts, which drew off towards their main body. by 6 p.m. the squadron had gone down below the horizon, and could not be seen from the highest points in arthur, but the booming in the far-away distance sounded like peals of thunder. we were all greatly excited to know how the fight would end.

about nine o'clock the quiet of evening was broken by the growing noise of heavy firing at sea. the fleet, attacked by a cloud of torpedo-boats, and firing with every gun, was retiring rapidly to arthur. it was not yet visible, but the booming of the 12-inchers, the ceaseless cracking of the smaller guns, sounded louder and louder. we saw the reflection of the searchlights, and then some time later dim specks gradually loomed up, and the squadron itself appeared; the destroyers and novik formed a rear-guard, covering the retirement with their fire.[pg 99] the fleet steamed in and anchored, let down its torpedo-nets, and with its searchlights wove a regular net of light to seaward. on the way back to port it had been twice attacked by destroyers, but had beaten them off, and had made the outer roads comparatively without mishap. the sevastopol alone distinguished herself. getting out of column, she struck a mine and was injured, but was able to reach white wolf's bay and anchor. there was not enough water for her to go into the inner harbour, for no one had thought in peace-time of dredging the entrance.

night soon came down very dark, and all seemed peaceful; but the calm did not last long, for that night the enemy made a madly gallant attempt to torpedo our vessels as they lay in the outer harbour, and hell was let loose. all night long admiral togo launched his destroyers to the attack in pairs. though our whole fleet was one blaze of light, and though the shore searchlights perched up on high lit up the waters to a great distance, the heroic enemy did not desist. on, on they came, fired at from the whole front as the shore lights showed them up afar off; diving one moment into darkness, the next again into the glare, they dashed onwards. the fire of the ships became furious; the ceaseless flash of the guns made them look like torches, but, however brave, however fanatical the enemy, they could not withstand the hail of steel poured on them by the fleet. the destroyers came in very close before they fired their torpedoes, but still it was at ineffective range. having fired the first torpedo, they turned to starboard, firing a second on the turn, and then at full speed steamed out to sea. the lucky ones got away; others sank in view of the whole fortress. i sat through the night and watched these attacks till they ceased at dawn.

next morning, on the flood-tide, our fleet came in to[pg 100] the inner harbour. it had returned, the only result of its sortie being the injuries to the sevastopol, the expenditure of thousands of shell, and a number of whitehead torpedoes floating about in the outer roads. arthur was disappointed. the following order, issued by the commander of the fleet before it went to sea, which appeared in the novy kry of the 24th, was depressing reading:

'as the ships which were damaged by our treacherous enemy before the outbreak of war have been repaired, the viceroy has given orders for the fleet to put to sea, so as to assist our comrades on land to defend arthur. by the help of god and st. nicholas, the sailor's patron saint, we will endeavour to do our duty, be true to our oath to the tsar and defeat the enemy, weakened by the destruction of some of his ships on our mines. the bobr has given us an example of what can be done. may god be with us!

'witgeft, rear-admiral.'

the fleet was there again in its usual place in the western and eastern basins; but what was to be done? who was to blame because it had returned without having brought on a decisive action? some of the officers declared that a battle ought to have been brought on, that all the chances were in our favour; others said the opposite, asserting that a heavy engagement would have been the end of the whole fleet. arthur was divided into two camps: one against the navy, the other in defence of it. i remember those heated quarrels about our naval officers, and the abuse poured upon men who were in no way to blame. the majority of those who spoke so bitterly of the fleet's return ignored the fact that it went to sea very weakly armed. it had met the japanese fleet of four battleships, six armoured cruisers, six light cruisers, and a number of destroyers and other vessels, about twelve miles out. the fleets[pg 101] got within fifty or sixty cables of each other, and when our ships increased speed so as to shorten the range and bring on an action, the japanese steamed off. togo evidently wanted to entice our fleet on and make a torpedo attack during the night, and having thus weakened it, to bring on a decisive engagement in the morning. it was depressing to see our ships driven in again like this, and disheartening to give up all hope of obtaining command of the sea. a strict blockade of the fortress must come in the future. how long it would last no one could say, but that men, guns, and war material were already scarce with us—more than scarce—we well knew. still, the hatred shown towards the fleet was not sensible or just. disappointed with our many misfortunes, people were searching for a scape-goat—for some one on whom they could vent their indignation. they became jumpy, and therefore in no condition to look at things calmly: they were glad to find some one to blame. from what i felt, heard, and saw on all sides—and my opportunities for judging were great, as i moved about in every grade of society in port arthur—i came to the conclusion, after the return of the fleet, that its r?le on the sea was over.

during the gradual development of the military situation in the district—when the most prominent features had been the extraordinary errors on the part of general fock—general st?ssel was acting the dictator in arthur, where, in addition to his main task of interfering at every step with the useful work of general smirnoff, he lost no opportunity of sowing dissension between the fleet and the army, especially after the squadron's unlucky sortie. everywhere on shore—in the streets, in the restaurants—there was nothing but abuse and curses for the naval officers, from highest to lowest. every one accused the sailors of not wishing to put to sea. one[pg 102] result of this was the production of a scurrilous allegory by two anonymous authors. the first described a dream, which he pretended to have had, and in which the enemy, in the shape of a bull, was eventually killed by russian soldiers. the second narrated another dream, a sequel to the first, in which the navy were represented as hares which bolted and left the soldiers to fight the enemy alone. i happened to read this effusion when i was on board one of the ships, for some one had had it lithographed, and sent a copy to each of the ward-rooms in the fleet, including a copy to admiral witgeft. this kind act naturally did not tend to smooth matters between the services. though the sailors endeavoured to ignore it, at heart they felt the undeserved insult deeply.