1. bareback to kobi

i had given nicholas an address, poste restante, mleti, and as mleti is in the province of tiflis, on the other side of the mountains, it took several days’ tramping to get there. i set off one august morning. the following are pages from my diary:

kobi, 10th august, 6 a.m.

i am sitting on the stone wall of a bridge and am spread to the sun. last night i slept on a ledge of red porphyry rock beside some moss and grasses; the dew was very heavy and i felt cold. i don’t think i slept much, but i feel pretty fit at this moment, sitting as i am in the sun on this bridge. i got up at the first sign of dawn and went to one of the inns of the village—each village has several inns of a kind, half grocer’s shop and half wine house—dukhans they call them. the samovar was actually on the table steaming. hot tea was wonderful after such a cold night.

kazbek posting-station

this village is six thousand feet up, and i should probably 272 have slept at the posting-station, but i arrived too late last night. so i slept out again as on the last three nights. i had a very lively journey hither. i left the kazbek station yesterday evening, and thought to find a comfortable sleeping-place in the barley fields that lay between the road and the river terek; but just as i was beginning my tramp an ossetine came up with four horses and asked would i care to ride one. it was a bareback business, and i rather fought shy of it, but he pointed out a quiet horse and assured me we should go gently. we should need to go gently if i was going to feel comfortable after eighteen versts of it. there were of course neither stirrups nor saddle, and as i had a blanket across my back i made a saddle of that. i felt ridiculously stiff in the legs, for i had walked thirty miles already, but i managed to scramble on to the horse’s back. the ossetine disengaged his horse from the other three and rode separately. i had two horses at my side. it was very uncomfortable riding, but i soon learnt what to do; how to kick him if the horse went too slow; how to cry brrrrr if i wanted him to stop. but, oh! how sore i got. after five versts i began to ride side-saddle. at six versts we stopped at a wineshop, another dukhan; there are plenty of them along the road. there is no government monopoly of spirits on this side of the caucasus. they can’t enforce that on a population that has produced its own wines for centuries. i did not much want to stop but the ossetine 273did. he was an unprofitable companion, for utter stupidity he would be hard to be matched; he was almost totally lacking in intelligence. he put on a thoughtful look whenever he was addressed, and answered something irrelevant. i do not think he could understand any sentence in which the word wine did not occur, hence his astonishing imbecility. his face was reminiscent of the sun shining through a shower of rain, eyes and moustache wet-looking, and the latter yellow and shiny—in his eyes fore-knowledge of wine—also remembrance of wine. a boy came out of the dukhan and tied our horses to posts. the ossetine became very gay and festive, and directly he got into the shop slapped the innkeeper on the back, and ordered sixpennyworth of white wine, which meant a bucketful. it had a look of the tea i have made from the terek when the river has been very muddy, and it was a trifle fiery. i drank two glasses and the man had the rest. when the bucket was dry he began to be very sympathetic with me. i had only had two glasses; what a pity there wasn’t any more. shouldn’t we have some red wine now? but i wasn’t going to buy him any more wine, and i had a wish to get to kobi in fairly decent style, so i said, “no thanks, i don’t want any more, but if you want another drink you order it; don’t be shy on my account. i haven’t any more money.” this conference had lasted some time; it was getting darker; i did not want to arrive in kobi 274after night-fall; it would then be difficult to find a soft place to encamp for the night. but the host brought in tea. this was free of charge, and so we sipped it, and played with it, while the ossetine tried to persuade me to stand him another bucket of wine. he failed; we went out. he was drunk before we dismounted, and now he was at the fighting stage. he had separated the horses differently at the inn, so that i was with one only; and now, without a word of warning, he slashed them from behind with a whip. we went off at a gallop; he brought his two horses into line, and we went forward neck to neck full pelt for two versts as if we were a desperate cavalry charge. it was fearfully thrilling! we came to a sudden halt at a turn of the road in order to let a cart pass; we were all four horses, all scrunched and cooped up in a corner. the ossetine swore by all his saints if he had any—he was a mahommedan—for my horse was backing into him, and kicking out with its hind legs. then suddenly we left the road and cantered over the moor to the terek. the river was by no means so impetuous there as in the dariel gorge, and we forded it. what a kicking and splashing we made, and how the horses stumbled! i thought i should have been pitched into the water. of course i got drenched to the knees as it was. after this i had to dismount and put my rug straight, and the first thing that happened after i got on again was most startling—the flame, flash and bang of a revolver just 275in front of me, and the ossetine tearing off as if he were possessed. i thought someone had shot at him, especially as he signalled to me over his shoulder. i kicked my steed, brought him along sharply and got abreast of him. it was the ossetine who had fired, and two minutes later he fired again. the wild man was brandishing his weapon and shouting in his own language. then he grinned at me, and said in russian, “no one’s going to touch me, eh?” i felt apprehension, and took good care to keep behind him. i did not want a bullet in my back. he continued to flare about, and pull up his horse at unexpected moments, and with such severity that it pawed the air. presently, whilst we were leading our horses down some steep rocks amid a litter of stones, it seemed he fired at me. i asked him to be careful and he grinned maliciously. then we re-forded the terek and regained the road, which was a relief, for there is less chance of being murdered on the highway than among the rocks. the ossetine became very sulky; he had evidently been long on the way and would be abused by his master when he got to kobi. no pace was quick enough for him; i think if i had been thrown he would have left me by the wayside and charged ahead full gallop with the four horses. i was glad enough, therefore, when the lights of kobi appeared. i dismounted outside the village and walked in. the wine and the tea and the gallop made me feel more queer than a rough channel passage 276would have done. then i wished i had some number to write down, that would indicate how tired my legs were of clasping that horse’s back.

i slept on the hard rock, or did not sleep, and had hot tea in the morning, and here i am. i shall take things easily to-day.

this is a beautiful place, a wide trough of black earth high up among the mountains. it has an immense sky for a mountain village, and the air is buoyant, fresh, perfect. all around are rosy porphyry rocks, and like a gleam in fairyland the sunlight comes upon them at dawn. this is the village to have a cottage in; it is perfectly beautiful and in the heart of the mountains, and is at cross-roads. only the flowers are few; perhaps it stands too high. the water flowing under this bridge is green and clear and cold. i have just washed in it. what luxury! within a stone’s throw is a rock out of which gushes seltzer water with iron in solution. according to the natives it cures everything, even the pain that you feel when in the mountains you come across the track of the devil.

2. driving a cart to gudaour.

gudaour, 10th august.

i have been feeling very saddle-sore, but to-day my pains are too many and too various to describe. i came over the pass on a cart this day, and was so jolted that i felt in need of internal refitting. i had been lying by 277the roadside at kobi drinking in the sunshine; it was perfectly blissful. i was determined not to walk to gudaour; it didn’t matter if i did spend a day in perfect idleness. but at noon i was aware of a vehicle crawling towards me up the road, and i thought i would ask a place in it for my weary bones. it took half an hour to come up, however, for the driver was fast asleep and the horse was going at its own sweet will, i.e., at about a mile an hour. i woke the man. he was an armenian, a copper-coloured fellow with a black eye. when i got in, he beat the horse furiously with a thick cudgel for about half a verst distance, and then relapsed into sleep. we went at a smart pace and then slowed down. the horse kept looking backward all the time—it had no blinkers—watching its master and the angle of his cudgel. when the armenian was fast asleep the horse resumed its original speed of one mile an hour. and so, laboriously, we climbed the ten versts to krestovy, the ridge of the pass. the scenery was extremely beautiful and the air very cold and fresh. at vladikavkaz i expect there were 90 or 100 degrees fahrenheit, but here, in the shade, it was near freezing-point. the avalanche snow lay in great quantities below us, bridging the little rivers. even now and then there was snow on the road. but we were protected from snow slides by covered ways at the most important points. the chief feature of the landscape were the cascades. narrow silvery waterfalls dropped from ledge to ledge 278of the red porphyry rock. they are the prettiest things i have seen in the caucasus, for these mountains are the places of the sublime rather than of the charming.

at six versts the armenian collapsed backward into the cart and then woke up. the horse immediately changed speed to five miles an hour; these collapsings had evidently happened before and been followed by cudgel thumping. the driver now rubbed his eyes, and then looked at me as if seeing me for the first time. then he seemed to recollect, asked me where i was going to, and gave me the reins. i took the seat in front, for he evidently wanted me to drive. he, for his part, spread his sheepskin cloak in the cart, and snuggled himself to go to sleep. his last words were, “hit her hard, she’s not a horse, she’s a devil.”

at eight versts i looked behind and saw a strange cloud coming from the north. it looked like a clenched fist, and all the knuckles stood out hard with anger. i took advice and thumped the horse a little. it would not be pleasant to be caught in a storm. we got along at a better pace, the horse squinting back at me to see if i were going to sleep. it was amusing that it increased or slackened its speed as i raised or lowered the stick. it was scarcely necessary to touch the horse at all. i felt i had something in common with the conductor of an orchestra. it was a cunning horse, however, and knew that i was not its master. at the highest point of the road it stopped stock-still and refused to budge; 279my mild thumping had no effect. the wind had now risen to a gale and the fist of cloud had become a wide army of vapours. i got down and led the horse a little way, and then hopped to my seat while the cart was in motion. we went like this for half a verst, and then the horse made a sudden dash off the road and settled down to eat grass. more habits were displaying themselves. i got him off after some trouble, and set him going on the road again. this proceeding, which had to be repeated every verst or so, reminded me of the “innocents abroad” and the mules. when they wished to change direction they had to dismount, lift up the mules by the hind-quarters, and turn them to the new angles. i expect the mules would then go on a good way without stopping: my case was worse. in six versts we should be at gudaour and could take shelter, but the rain would overtake us. the clouds were pouring over the rocks and cliffs all about, and only far away to the south spread the blue sky as yet not covered. suddenly the clouds came drifting over the road; we were obliged to stop, and as they rolled over us and the cart they seemed to turn to rain at a touch. but we were only five minutes in the mist; we heard a long roll of thunder, and suddenly, instead of cloud it was hissing, stinging hail. the armenian slept soundly, and i wrapped myself in my blanket and urged the horse forward. the road lay downhill and we moved quickly towards gudaour. in an hour we arrived there 280and the rain had stopped; the clouds had passed over our heads and there was blue sky again. the sun shone.

we stopped at an inn in the village, and, looking down from there, could see the thunderstorm that had left us raging in the valleys of mleti and ananaour. the clouds were literally below us, and we saw the blue sky above them. how brightly the sun shone! it stood just beyond a little grassy summit where some sheep were browsing; it seemed that if one were there one could stretch out one’s hand and take it from its place.

the armenian had definitely wakened up now and was preparing to have a good meal. the innkeeper lit a wood fire on the stone floor of his dwelling and prepared to do some cooking. we bargained for a chicken between us. it would cost sixpence. the chicken was already plucked, and the innkeeper threw it into a pot that he had on the fire. whilst we waited for it to cook we had a bucket of red wine before us, and the armenian did himself justice.

“you’re an englishman,” said he. “you ought to know where there’s any war going on. where’s there any war, i say? where’s there any war?”

“in spain,” i suggested. “the spanish are fighting the moors.”

“i never heard of it; there’s been a war here, you know, in persia, but persians are weak fellows, and the russians are weak. three persians one russian, three russians one armenian. loris melikoff, eh? did you 281ever hear of him? he was the greatest general the russians ever had, and he was an armenian. the richest man in the world is an armenian. he lives in london and keeps a flying machine. you are english, why don’t you use a flying machine? what does the sky look like in england? is it full of machines? one day i shall go there. already i know some english, brodt, bootter. the english are better than the russians. fine machines they have. but they break down, oh, they break down. i saw two yesterday that couldn’t get on. how would you like to plough a mountain side with one of your machines? you’d break down. but a horse wouldn’t break down; a horse for me. do you know they wanted me to join the army, serve my time, be drilled, learn to ride and shoot. i said to the general, ‘the devil comes to me to learn to ride and shoot, who’s going to give me lessons? no russian. i should think not. why,’ i said, ‘you give me your hat and i’ll put it on one of these mountain peaks so far away that you can’t see it, far less fire at it, but i’ll take a gun and shoot it off.’ he said, ‘we shall have to have you all the same,’ but they wont. i’ll go to england or america first. don’t i wish there’d come a war; we armenians would throw off the russians and have our own king. dirty, vodka-drinking russians, always begging or drinking. directly a russian finds five copecks he runs as hard as he can to the public-house and drinks vodka, and when he comes out of the 282shop, if he sees a rich man coming, he will stand at the side of the road and say ‘give me five copecks.’ shameless people!”

the arrival of the chicken cut short this harangue, of which i have only remembered a little. he turned out to be a wonderful conversationalist, this little man, who seemed to be without words altogether when we were in the cart. the chicken was tender. it was served to us without knives and forks and on one plate; we each took bones and picked them like heathens; with the chicken there were pickled gherkins and white bread and home-made cheese. the samovar appeared and we had tea.

3. mleti.

mleti.

i slept under a rock last night. a large boulder had fallen on three other rocks and made a little cavern. one had to let oneself in very gingerly, for the opening was so small. it felt like sliding into a letter-box to sleep. but the bottom was soft sand and the place was secure from men and from rain. i was soaked through; my blanket weighed at least a hundred-weight with the water that was in it. but i slept. this morning i have been drying myself. my blanket is open wide to the sun and is steaming. i have taken my coat off, and it also is lying on a rock getting dried.

mleti

by road to mleti it is eighteen versts; cross-country 283it is only five. i came across country accordingly. but it is a very difficult matter, mleti being 2500 feet lower. the road zig-zags extraordinarily, and i crossed it six times before getting to this valley.

mleti is verdant. it is pleasant to get into a land of leaves and flowers after two days among the desolate, barren passes. and there is no river. consequently there is extraordinarily stillness and peace. it is the first time i have been out of hearing of a river since i have been in the caucasus. i am sitting on a bank where sweet-scented violets are growing; the air is filled with their perfume. there are hollyhocks on the slopes, hundreds and thousands of them, some over six feet high, and covered with saffron-coloured blossoms. i came through some weeds so high that they closed above my head and shut out the sky, a waste of dead nettle, comfrey, teasel, canterbury bells and convolvulus. clusters of pink mallow hung like bouquet-baskets from these tangles. on the rocks there is an abundance of stone-crop and bryony and pinks which look like sweet-williams. the rock-roses are perfect gems. high up, near gudaour, i found several plants which could not have been other than tradescantia, which is not supposed to grow wild out of asia. but there is no end to the wild flowers of the caucasus, and plants brought up with tender care in england grow brightly and abundantly without any care at all on these wildernesses.

284there were three letters from nicholas; he has saved up money and thinks of going to london again. they are highly characteristic letters, full of poetry. the first one begins, “and someone has moved a stone with his accursed hand,” which sounds very tragical in the russian of lermontof. it means, i think, that fate has separated two friends who ought never to have been put asunder. later on in his letter he writes, “for you the road to happiness lies open, for me it is closed for ever.” this sentence reminded me of the day when he plastered up the mirror with newspaper so that he shouldn’t see his face. he proposes that i come to lisitchansk in the autumn, and that we return from there to london. “couldn’t i go, if only for a month?”