scarce had the prefect said these words; when a folding-door opened on our right, and let us into an immense gallery, where my wonder was turned into amazement.

on each side, above two hundred windows let in the light to such a degree, that the eye could hardly bear its splendor. the spaces between them were painted with that art, i have just been describing. out of each window, was seen some part of the territory of the elementary spirits. in each picture, appeared woods, fields, seas, nations, armies, 100whole regions; and all these objects were painted with such truth, that i was often forced to recollect myself, that i might not fall again into illusion. i could not tell, every moment, whether what i was viewing out of a window was not a painting, or what i was looking at in a picture was not a reality.

survey with thy eyes (said the prefect) survey the most remarkable events that have shaken the earth and decided the fate of men. alass! what remains of all these powerful springs, of all these great exploits? the most real signs of them are the traces they have left upon our canvases in forming these pictures[3].

101the most antient actions, whose lustre has preserved their memory, are the actions of violence. nimrod, the mighty hunter, after having worried the wild beasts, attacks his fellow-creatures. see in the first picture that gigantic man, the first of those heroes so renowned; see in his looks pride, ambition, an ardent desire of rule. he framed the first scheme of a kingdom, and uniting men under the pretence of binding them together, he enslaved them.

102belus, ninus, semiramis ascend the throne, which they strengthen by fresh acts of violence! and of above thirty kings who successively reigned, only one closed the wounds of mankind, let asia take breath, and governed like a philosopher: his name is almost forgot. history, which glows at the sight of renowned and tragical events, languishes over peaceable reigns: and scarce mentions such sovereigns.

sardanapalus ends this series of kings. enemy to noise, disorder and war, he mispends his time, shuts himself up in his palace, and sinks into effeminacy. 103the women, thou seest about him, neither think nor exist but for him. his looks give them life, and he receives life from theirs. what do i say? he seeks himself with astonishment and finds himself not; a surfeit of pleasures destroys his taste: he does not live, but languish.

in the mean time, two of his generals[4] loathing peace, form schemes of conquests, and feed, themselves with bloody projects. they deem themselves alone worthy to reign, because they alone breathe war in the midst of the publick tranquillity. see where they attack and dethrone their effeminate monarch: and forcing him to destroy 104himself, they seize and share his dominions. thus the assyrian empire was dismembered, after having kept asia in continual alarms above twelve hundred years.

kings succeeded both at nineveh and at babylon; and all became famous for wars and ravages[5]. one of them 105laid egypt waste, plundered palestine, burnt jerusalem, put out the eyes of a king whose children he had murdered, drove from their country whole nations and put them in chains; and, after such expeditions, he ordered altars to be erected to him, and worship to be paid him as to a beneficent god. see at the foot of his image, incense burning and nations lying prostrate; and admire how far the pride and abjection of mortals extend[6].

the next picture represents the infancy of cyrus, and the particular moment wherein he gave signs of that intolerable haughtiness, considered by the 106historians as the first sallies of a greatness of soul, which to display itself wants only great occasions. cyrus, both by right of birth and right of conquest, united assyria and media to persia, and was the founder of the largest empire that ever existed.

his successors still think their bounds too narrow: they send into greece, which was then signalized in europe, armies infinitely numerous, the which are destroyed: and the spirit of conquest had on that occasion the fate which unhappily it has not always.

the greeks, freed from these powerful enemies, turn their arms against one another: they are animated by jealousy, inflamed by the warm and dangerous eloquence of their orators, and torn by 107civil wars. persia falls into the same convulsions. and when perhaps every thing was tending to peace, alexander appears, and all are embroiled worse than ever.

this picture shows him in that tender age wherein he lamented his father’s conquests, and saw with grief human blood shed by wounds, he had not made. scarce was he on the throne when he carried desolation into greece, persia and india. the world did not suffice for his murdering progress, and his heart was still unsatisfied. that other picture represents his death. that destructive thunderbolt is at last extinguished, alexander expires, and casting his dying eyes on the grand monarchy he is going to leave, nothing seems to comfort him but the prospect of the 108bloody tragedies of which his death is to be the signal.

of all alexander’s dominions, those to whom they belonged of right, had the least share. the empire was divided among his generals[7]. war was soon kindled amongst them, continued among their descendants, and ruined all the countries of which they had the rule.

among so many warlike kings, ptolemy philadelphus appeared like a lily 109raised by chance in a field of thorns. see in that immense library, the monarch surrounded with old sages, who are giving him an account of the numberless volumes which are before his eyes. he was too great a lover of mankind to disturb their tranquillity; and held them in such estimation, that he collected from all countries the productions of their wit[8]. these kinds of riches seemed to him alone worthy his care. he saw them with the same eye that other kings behold those metals which they search for in the bowels of the earth, or which they fetch from the extremities of the world through rivulets of blood.

110whilst discord rages amongst alexander’s successors and their descendants; already appeared in the center of italy the first sparks of the flame that was to spread over the universe and consume all nations. like those bodies of a vast weight, which, not being in their just position, swing themselves to and fro for some moments, and then fix themselves immoveably; rome, subject successively to kings, consuls, decemvirs, military tribunes, settles a government and begins the conquest of the world.

this ambitious nation, direct at first their forces against their neighbours. in vain did the several italian states struggle for five hundred years against the fate of rome: one while in subjection, another while in rebellion: now 111conquerors, now conquered, they were all in the end forced to submit to the yoke.

italy subdued and calmed, that is, reduced to the state of those robust bodies, which by being exhausted fall into a consumption and weakness, the romans cross the seas, and go into africa in search of fresh enemies and other spoils. carthage as ambitious, perhaps as powerful, but more unfortunate than her rival, after a long and violent contest, is overcome and destroyed. corinth and numantia share the same fate.

about this time, viriatus raised himself in the same manner as the romans. in this picture, he is a huntsman; in 112that, a robber; in the third, a general of an army; and in the fourth, he mounts the throne of lusitania. but he was only a victim crowned by fortune to be sacrificed to the ambition of the romans[9].

asia is soon opened to these insatiable conquerors. the empire daily enlarges, and that enormous power over-runs all the known world.

the first passion of the romans was glory. during seven centuries, patriotism, which policy cherished with 113so great success, directed the love of glory in favour of the republic; and the romans signalized themselves no less by their attachment to their country, than by their warlike exploits. this space was filled with a long train of heroes, and those that followed, despairing to become famous in the same manner, sought to distinguish themselves by other methods. rome was mistress of the world; it appeared glorious to become master of rome. sylla, marius, and some others, showed that such a project was not impracticable: c?sar accomplished it. that boasted conqueror, who was reproached with so many things, effaced them all by his virtue: by his military virtue which destroyed above a million of men, oppressed his fellow-citizens, and enslaved his country. in vain did the republic 114exert her utmost endeavours to save her expiring liberty; she was exhausted and stretched her hands to augustus, who, from a bad citizen, became the best of masters.

raised to the empire, he put an end to war, and soon gave mankind a peace the most universal, they had ever enjoyed. the elementary spirits have given an idea of the pleasure of this general tranquillity, by the agreeable prospect of the landskips which are here represented.

this peace.... pray (says i interrupting the prefect) suspend a moment the rapid recital of so many revolutions; give me leave to examine this picture, and a little time to calm the perturbation of my mind. how i love 115to see that beautiful sky; those plains that lose themselves at a distance; those pastures filled with flocks; those fields covered with corn? the breath of war blows far from those climates the vertiginous spirit of heroism. this is indeed the seat of peace and tranquillity. my imagination carries me to those delightful vallies: i behold and contemplate nature, whose labours nothing interrupts, producing on every side life and pleasure. my thoughts are composed and my spirits sedate amidst the tranquillity that reigns in those places: my blood, grown cool, flows in my veins with the same gentle motion as the rivulets that water those green turfs; and the passions now have on my mind only the effect of the zephyr, which seems to play gently among the branches of leafy trees.