surprised at this prodigy, i put the end of the rod upon babylon; i applied my ear, and heard what follows:

“since you consult me about this writing, i will fairly give you my opinion. i think it discreet and too much so. what! not a word against the government, against the manners, against religion! who will read you? if you did but know how tired people are with history, morality, phylosophy, verse, prose, and all that! the whole world are turned writers; and you will more easily find an author than a reader. how make impression on the crowd? how draw 39attention, unless by strokes levelled, right or wrong, against place-men; by luscious touches of imagination proper to excite the gust of pleasures blunted by excess; by the trite arguments which, though repeated a thousand times, still please, because they attack what we dread! this in my opinion is the only course for a writer to take who has any pretensions to fame. mind our philosophers: when they reflect, for instance, on the nature of the soul, they fall into a doubt which with all their reason they cannot get out of. do they come to write? they resolve the difficulty, and the soul is mortal. if they assert this, it is not from an inward persuasion, but from a desire to write, and to write such things, as will be read. again, if you had made yourself a 40party: if you belonged to one of those clubs, where the censor passes from hand to hand, and where each, in his turn, is the idol! but no; you are among the literary cabals like a divine who should pretend to be neither jansenist nor molinist[1]. who, think ye, will take care of your interests? who will preach you up? who will inlist your name among those we respect?”

41i removed the end of the rod about a twentieth part of an inch lower and i heard, probably, a farmer of the imposts, who was making his calculations upon the people.

“is it not true (said he) that in the occasions of the state, every one should contribute in proportion to his means, after a deduction of his necessary expences? is it not also true, that a very short man spends less in cloaths than a very tall one? is it not true that this difference of expence is very considerable, since there is occasion for summer-habits, winter-habits, spring-habits, autumn-habits, country-habits, riding-habits, and i know not how many others? there should be likewise morning and evening habits; but the morning is not known at 42babylon. i would therefore have all his majesty’s subjects measured and taxed each inversely as his stature.... another consideration of equal weight. a tax on batchelors has been talked of; but it was not considered. money should be raised upon those who are rich enough to be married, and especially upon those who are rich enough to venture upon having children. and therefore married men should be taxed in a ratio compounded of the amount of their capitation and the number of their children. i have in my pocket-book i know not how many projects as good as these, and which i have very luckily devised. each man has his talents: this is mine: and it is well known how much it is to be prized now-a-days.”

43at a little distance a grammarian was making his observations. “three languages (said he) are spoken at babylon: that of the mob: that of the petit maitre; and that of the better sort. the first serves to express in a disagreeable manner, shocking things. with all their judgment, some authors have written in this language, and the babylonians, with all their niceness, have read them with pleasure. the second is made up of a certain contexture of words without any meaning. you may talk this language a whole day together, and when you have done, it will be found you have said nothing at all. to enter into the character of the idiom, it is essential to talk incessantly without reason, and as far as possible from common sense. the third wants a certain 44precision; a certain force and certain graces; but it is susceptible of a singular elegance and clearness. it will not perhaps be expressive enough of the flights of the poet or the transports of the musician: but it expresses with admirable ease all the ideas of him who observes, compares, discusses, and seeks the truth. without doubt, it is the properest language for reasoning; and most unhappily it is the least used for that purpose.”

methought i heard a woman’s voice at a little distance, and put my rod there. “i confess (said she) i am foolishly fond of this romance. nothing can be better penned. however, this same julia, who holds out during three volumes, and does not surrender till the end of the fourth, makes the intrigue 45a little too tedious. it is also pity that the viscount advances so slowly. he uses such preambles, spends so much time in protestations, and presses his conquest with so much caution, that he has put me, who am none of the liveliest, a hundred times out of patience. surely the author was little acquainted with the manners of the nation!”