as the aim of the guild is not to fetter independent thought, but to concert practical action, it is mainly required of each member that he undertakes to perform, in good faith, the duties which he shall consent to have assigned to him; and generally so to comport himself that his principles shall not be likely to suffer, if judged by his conduct. he will be expected to treat every colleague as equal with himself in veracity, in honour, and in loyalty to his cause. and every form of speech which casts a doubt upon the truth, or imputes, or assumes a want of honour on the part of any member, will be deemed a breach of order. if any member intends such an accusation of another, it must be made the matter of a formal charge, after leave obtained to prefer it.

what it is desirable to know about new members is this:—

do they, in their conception of secularism, see in it that which seeks not the sensual but the good, and a good which the conscience can be engaged in pursuing and promoting; a moralism in accordance with the laws of nature and capable of intrinsic proof: a materialism which is definite without dogmatism or grossness; and a unity on the ground of these common agreements, for convictions which imply no apostolate are neither earnest nor generous. no one ought to be encouraged to take sides with secularism, unless his conscience is satisfied of the moral rightfulness of its principles and duties both for life and death.

it is not desirable to accept persons of that class who decry parties—who boast of being of no party—who preach up isolation, and lament the want of unity—who think party the madness of the many, for the gain of the few. seek rather the partisan who is wise enough to know that the disparagement of party is the madness of the few, leading to the utter impotence of the many. a party, in an associative and defensible sense, is a class of persons taking sides upon some definite question, and acting together for necessary ends, having principles, aims, policy, authority, and discipline.*

* in a school there is usually teaching, training,

discipline, science, system, authorities, tradition, and

development.—times, 1846.

with respect to proposed members, it may be well to ascertain whether neglect, or rudeness, or insult, or unfairness from colleagues, or overwork being imposed upon him, or incapacity of others, would divert him from his duty. these accidents or necessities might occur: but if a society is to be strong it must be able to count upon its members, and to be able to count upon them it must be known what they will bear without insubordination; and what they will bear will depend upon the frankness and completeness of information they receive as to the social risks all run who unite to carry out any course of duty or public service.

always assuming that a candidate cares for the objects for which he proposes to associate, and that it is worth while knowing whom it is with whom you propose to work them out; answers to such inquiries as the following would tend to impart a working knowledge and quality to the society:—

is he a person previously or recently acquainted with the principles he is about to profess?

does he understand what is meant by "taking sides" with a public party? would he be faithful to the special ideas of secularism so long as he felt them to be true? would he make sacrifices to spread them and vindicate them, or enable others to do so? would he conceive of secularism as a cause to be served loyally, which he would support as well as he was able, if unable to support it as well as he could wish?

is he of decent, moral character, and tolerably reliable as to his future conduct?

in presenting his views to others, would he be likely to render them in an attractive spirit, or to make them disagreeable to others?

is he of an impulsive nature, ardent for a time, and then apathetic or reactionary—likely to antagonize to-morrow the persons he applauds to-day?

is he a person who would commit the fault of provoking persecution? would ridicule or persecution chill him if it occurred? is he a man to stand by an obscure and friendless cause—or are notoriety, success, applause, and the company of others, indispensable to his fidelity?

is he a man of any mark of esteem among his friends—a man whose promise is sure, whose word has weight?

is his idea of obedience, obedience simply to his own will? would he acquiesce in the authority of the laws of the society, or the decision of the society where the laws were silent? would he acknowledge in democracy the despotism of principles self-consented to—or as an arena for the assertion of individualism before winning the consent of colleagues to the discussion of special views?

the membership sought may be granted, provided the actual knowledge of secular principles be satisfactory, and evident earnestness to practise them be apparent. the purport of the whole of the questions is to enable a clear opinion to be formed as to what is to be expected of the new member—how far he is likely to be reliable—how long he is likely to remain with us—under what circumstances he is likely to fail us—what work may be assigned him—what confidences he may be entrusted with, and in what terms he should be introduced to colleagues, and spoken of to others.

the membership here described would and should be no restricted and exclusive society, where only one pattern of efficiency prevails; but a society where all diversities of capacity, energy, and worth, may be found, so far as it is honest and trustworthy. a society, like the state, requires the existence of the people, as well as public officers—men who* can act, as well as men who can think and direct many men who lack refinement, and even discretion, possess courage and energy, and will go out on the inevitable "forlorn hopes" of progress; which the merely prudent avoid, and from which the cultivated too often shrink. our work requires all orders of men, but efficiency requires that we know which is which that none may be employed in the dark.

in every public organization there are persons who promote and aid unconnected with the society.

active members are those who engage to perform specific duties; such as reporting lectures, sermons, and public meetings, so far as they refer to secularism.*

* in reporting, each member should be careful to understate

rather than overstate facts, distinguishing carefully what

is matter of knowledge from rumour, conjecture, or opinion.

to give notice of meetings and sermons about to be held or delivered for or against secularism.

to note and report passages in books, newspapers, magazines, and reviews referring to secularism.

each active member should possess some working efficiency, or be willing to acquire it. to be able to explain his views by tongue or pen with simple directness, to observe carefully, to report judiciously, to reason dispassionately, to put the best construction on every act that needs interpretation, are desirable accomplishments in a propagandist.

in all public proceedings of the society, written speeches should be preferred from the young, because such speeches admit of preconsidered brevity, consecutiveness, and purpose, and exist for reference. in the deliberations and discussions of any society, it might usefully be deemed a qualification to make a contribution to the subject in speeches brief and direct.

non-reliableness in discharge of duties, or moral disqualification, shall be a ground of annulling membership, which may be done after the member objected to has had a fair opportunity of defending himself from the specific disqualifications alleged against him and communicated to him, and has failed therein.

the duties assigned to each member should be such as are within his means, as respects power and opportunity; such, indeed, as interfere neither with his social nor civil obligations; the intention being that the membership of the society shall not as a rule be incompatible with the preservation of health, and the primary service due to family and the state.*

* as a general rule, it will be found that any one who

sacrifices more than one-fifth of his time and means will

become before long reactionary, and not only do nothing

himself, but discourage others.

any persons acquainted with the "principles of secularism" here given, who shall generally agree therein, and associate under any name to promote such objects, and to act in concert with all who seek similar objects, and will receive and take into official consideration the instructions of the guild, and to make one subscription yearly among its members and friends on behalf of its propagandist funds, shall be recognized as a branch of it.