this was the well-known name of an exceedingly choice run close to nareeb nareeb, on muston's creek, and at an early period in the occupation of the messrs. charles, henry, and fred burchett. the name was allotted by charles, who said that as the old country places were christened "the oaks," "the ashes," "the beeches," and so on, he thought it befitting that an australian homestead should be known as "the gums." so mote it be; and i fancy mr. ross, the present owner, has by no means changed the name.
charles burchett was a humourist of the first water, and as such delighted in by his numerous friends. the district was hardly ever without the excitement of "burchett's last." he had a serious, tentative, doubtful way of bringing out his good things, which heightened the effect.
"the gums," like dunmore, boasted a better library than ordinary, and there was set on foot the mount rouse book club, which, founded on a moderate subscription, and compelling members to[pg 143] send round the books at monthly intervals, provided mental food for a goodly number of friends and neighbours.
charles burchett and his brother fred were both somewhat deaf. whether or not the slight infirmity concentrated the reflective powers, certain it is that they resembled each other closely in being exceptionally original and amusing in conversation.
occasionally mr. charles burchett's difficulty in hearing led to diverting cross purposes, as in the case of his celebrated interview with the bushrangers. he and a friend, it is related, some time in the early days, met with two men, one of whom carried a gun. they addressed themselves to his companion, who appeared to be, from the expression of his countenance, much interested in their remarks.
mr. burchett looked at them with an inquiring air. "what do they want, scott?" he said, in his resonant, high-pitched voice, accentuating always the last word of the sentence. "do they want work?"
none of them could help laughing, it is said; but the man with the gun, observing the gentleman place his hand to his ear, raised the gun sharply to a level with his breast, by way of explaining matters.
again mr. burchett looked up with a grave and meditative expression. then he addressed the spoiler—"i say, take away that gun, it might go off." even the hardened old hand was not proof against this characteristic jest; he put down his gun in order to laugh in comfort. however, it was explained that business was business. so having relieved mr. burchett and his friend of their horses and loose[pg 144] cash, the robbers departed. but they behaved with civility, and a ten-mile walk was the worst of the affair. the horses were afterwards found at no great distance from the spot, and returned to their owners.
unfortunately, as it happened, the fraternal triumvirate at "the gums" held diverse opinions as to the stock upon which to stake the fortunes of the firm. henry burchett was gifted with a strongly arithmetical turn, in consequence of which he was generally alluded to by charles as "my brother cocker." a calculation of the average value of the wool-clip led him doubtless to decide—with considerable accuracy, as events proved—in favour of sheep. charles and fred preferred cattle. in the end charles sold his share of run and stock, and commenced a business in melbourne. having made a pilgrimage to riverina, riding one wiry hackney the whole way there and back, without apparent distress to man or beast, henry posed as the apostle of a new faith on his return, after beholding, near deniliquin, what he then decided to be the true home of the merino sheep, and purchasing for a small price a certain run on the billabong, since tolerably well known to wool-buyers as "coree." he bought sheep with which to stock it, and removed those still at "the gums." he it was who first placed a dam across the uncertain watercourse of the billabong, and thus aided the inception of the great system of water-storage now so universal. it was a primitive time enough on the billabong, one may be sure. the late mr. sylvanus daniel was a man in authority at deniliquin, then known as one of "the royal bank" stations. some of his good[pg 145] stories the wayfarer from port fairy brought back with him, so that the fame of that gentleman's hospitality and genial temperament reached the colony of victoria years before he migrated to the north-western district of new south wales.
henry burchett retained his share in "the gums" after his purchase of coree, but, wishing to concentrate his investments, he—unfortunately for his partner and himself—decided to realise on the port fairy property. the sale of "the gums" accordingly took place. it was, of course, before the gold—only one year i think. the price of a first-class, well-improved, fattening run, with a good herd of 1500 cattle thereon, was—what does any one think?—￡2 per head! yes, at this melancholy price did "the gums" pass into the hands of mr. henry gottreaux, a gentleman lately arrived in the colony, formerly in the austrian service. he was a brother of william gottreaux, of lilaree; he had, therefore, the advantage of the advice of an experienced colonist.
mr. gottreaux did not look, to our eyes, the "man for galway"; or likely to make much out of a cattle run in those hard-riding, hard-living days. tall and soldierly-looking, with a big moustache, he had a bluff, german-baron sort of air. he was portly withal, and, though a cavalry man, not up to much in the "cutting-out" or cattle-muster line. the first thing to which he devoted his energies was the building of a spacious, wide-verandahed brick cottage, dooming the snug old slab homestead, where we had all spent so many pleasant hours, to do duty as barracks and out-offices. after this he inquired of one of the visitors, who, after our custom, had come[pg 146] to help at the muster, whether it would not be easy to transmit his share of the profits to a friend in england, who had an interest—as a sleeping partner—in the station.
the man whom he addressed smiled inwardly, and sardonically replied, "very easy." we thought this a good joke when it was handed over to us a week after. but mr. gottreaux was right, and we were all wrong, proving how difficult it was to decide in such matters unless all the factors of the sum are in view. in the first place, the new proprietor was a man of brains and method, culture and knowledge of the world. he did not scurry about in the camp on the stock-horse of the period—it was not his métier; but he paid and controlled a good stock-rider who did. he lived comfortably, preferring, reasonably, to dine at ease after the business of the day was concluded. but he kept his accounts correctly, and provided that the balance should be on the right side. the seasons were favourable; they are rarely otherwise in the pleasant west country, to the green pastures of which fate had guided the "bold uhlan." and then—trump card of all—the gold magician played shortly afterwards. he threw down an ace—waved his wand. the cattle which our friend purchased at ￡2, with right of run added, became worth ￡10 per head. so he had profits to remit to his partner after all, by no means of small annual amount either.
terenallum was in early days the property of messrs. lang and elms, who considered it a fairly paying sheep run, though bare of timber and rather desolate of aspect. disadvantageously for the firm,[pg 147] as it turned out, mr. elms, the resident partner, was tempted by what was then thought to be a high price—12s. per head or so, with about one-third of the stock it afterwards carried—to sell to mr. russell of the leigh. he invested in a presumably richer country between the grange and the eumeralla, and, i should think, never ceased to regret the exchange. the new runs were chiefly cattle country, being well-grassed forest, not over dry in winter, and therefore in those days looked upon as liable to foot-rot. the eastern subdivision, called "lyne," was at no great distance from mr. cox's werrongourt station. this transaction illustrates the errors of judgment so often made by pioneer squatters, men of exceeding shrewdness and energy notwithstanding. so george wyndham elms sold terenallum, now proverbially one of the most valuable sheep properties west of the barwon, and purchased a run which must have paid indifferent interest on capital for long afterwards. yet the seller was sufficiently experienced, could work with both hands and head, had confronted all the regulation pioneer troubles—bad shepherds, blacks, low wool, everything—had shepherded on a pinch, and slept in a watch-box. then, when all was well and a fortune coming to meet him, he was fated to ruin everything for the sake of change. mais, telle est la vie.
lyne and the other station were good enough, fairly watered, splendidly grassed, and so on; but the cautious critics said they would never make up for terenallum. and they didn't.
the original cattle had been neglected, it would appear. among them was a large proportion of[pg 148] bullocks which declined with fiendish obstinacy to fatten. they would do anything but go off to the butcher. they oppressed the rest of the herd, showed a bad example, and paid nothing. they were what are known by the stock-riders as "ragers" or "pig-meaters." fierce of aspect, and active as buffaloes, they appear with regularity at each muster, but are never permitted the chance of road-adventure with any buyer of fat cattle. the price offered for them is generally so small that in many instances the owner ceases to form plans for their conversion into cash, and, if easy-going, permits them to eat grass and demoralise the herd indefinitely. the run was now worked with fair results for a year or two, but it soon became apparent that it was not likely to return the same sort of dividends which were so satisfactory each year at terenallum. this probably tended towards discussion between the partners. however that might have been, a division of the runs took place. mr. lang retained lyne, with the herd of cattle depastured thereon, while mr. elms removed to that portion of the area which lay nearer to the town of hamilton. upon this he built a new homestead, and proceeded to convert it into a sheep station.
mr. lang had visited england more than once during the partnership, and so loosened his hold upon matters colonial. it has generally happened, within my experience at least, that a squatter who permitted himself to behold "the kingdoms of the earth, and the glory of them," rarely settled down into a contented colonist upon returning to australia. so mr. lang put lyne into the market. it was[pg 149] sold to captain stanley carr, a retired military officer, who had passed years at a german court, and held property in silesia. there, it seems, he had acquired a taste for high-class merinoes. he had been tempted to visit australia, probably as a larger field for investment, bringing with him some good sheep of the type then prevailing, and fashionable in the country of his adoption. these were sent to lyne, where they were only moderately praised by the sheepholders of the district, being acknowledged to be fine as to quality of fleece, but considered small and delicate of frame.
captain stanley carr, by birth scoto-irish, was a genial and polished personage, not altogether averse to the privilege accorded to travellers, but most amusing and agreeable. he bought, as did mr. gottreaux, "before the gold." the price he paid was therefore moderate, leaving a large margin for profit in the rising markets which were imminent, and of which he shortly experienced the advantage. residing for a few months at lyne, he made himself popular with his neighbours, who were nothing loath to visit and entertain a courtier, a man of the world, and a raconteur at once so experienced and original. he justified the shrewd outlook upon events which had caused him to become an investor in the first instance, by prophesying an extraordinary development of australian prosperity which was to be rapid and astonishing. the soil, the climate, the extent of the waste lands of the crown, all excited his admiration. the captain's pre-auriferous predictions have since received curiously close fulfilment.
our gallant pastoral comrade had some knowledge[pg 150] of sheep-farming. for the management of a mixed herd of cattle, after the australian fashion, he was as unfitted as the confidential german shepherd of his priceless silesian ewes to "run" a south american saladero. wisely, therefore, he took the neighbours into his confidence, requesting the advice which was cheerfully given. he was, in the first instance, by them adjured to cull the herd severely—to that end to eliminate without delay all the bovine "larrikins" (the word had not then been coined, but an analogous social remedy may yet in future ages be legally applicable) by boiling them down. there happened to be at port fairy in that brooding year just before the gold—and what embryo events were not then ripening in the womb of fate!—a regularly-appointed saladero. how much more concise is the expression than "a boiling-down establishment where salting beef for exportation is also carried on," and yet foolish utilitarians see no advantage in schoolboys learning greek and latin. but this savours of digression. such an institution was then in full working order, organised for the reduction of the "dangerous classes" of the bovine neighbourhood into tallow and corned beef. it was managed by mr. m'cracken, and (of course) subsidised by mr. william rutledge. "unto this last" the lyne larrikins were by a consensus of notables forthwith relegated.