standing in the gathering winterly twilight, at the intersection of elizabeth and flinders streets, one instinctively remarks the long crowded suburban trains, laden with homeward-bound passengers, quitting the city and care for the night's charmed interval. all the streets of busy melbourne are yet thronged, in spite of the apparently rapid diminution which is proceeding. the indefinable hum, noticeable in large urban populations at the close of the day, as the lamps are lit, which mark for most men the boundary between work and recreation, is increasingly audible. the grand outlines of the larger public buildings become suggestively indistinct. if your ear be good, you may hear the steam-whistle and the roar of the country trains at spencer street station. the senses of the musing spectator are filled to saturation with the sights and sounds proper to the largest, the most highly civilised, the most prosperous city in the world, for the years of its existence. stranger than fiction[pg 2] does it not seem, that in the month of april, in the year of grace 1840, we should have migrated en famille from sydney to assist in the colonisation of port phillip, in the founding of this city of melbourne? the moderate-sized schooner which carried us safely hither in a few hours under a week had been chartered by paterfamilias, so that we were unrestricted as to many matters not usually left to the discretion of passengers. it was a floating home. colonists of ten years' standing, we had many things to bear with us, which under other circumstances of transit must have been left behind. there were carriage horses and cows, the boys' ponies, the children's canaries, poultry, and pigeons, dogs and cats, babies and nurses, furniture, flower-pots, workmen, house servants—all the component portions of a large household shifted bodily from a suburban home, and ready to be transferred to the first suitable dwelling in the new settlement. one can easily imagine to what a state of misery and confusion such a freight would have been reduced had bad weather come on. but the winds and the waves were kind, and on saturday afternoon the harbour-master of williamstown partook of some slight alcoholic refreshment on board, and welcomed us to port phillip. well is remembered even now the richly-green appearance of the under-stocked grassy flat upon which the particularly small village of williamstown stood. a few cottages, more huts—with certain public-houses, of course—made up the township. more distinctly marked even were the succulence and juiciness of the first port phillip mutton-chops upon which was regaled our keenly[pg 3] hungry party. we had just quitted the enfeebled meat markets of sydney, scarce recovered from that terrible drought which wasted the years of 1837, 1838, and 1839. we had reached a land of goshen evidently—a land of milk and butter, if not of honey—a land of chops and steaks, of sirloins and "under-cuts"—of all youthful luxuries well-nigh forgotten—of late unattainable in new south wales as strawberry ice in a cane-brake.

among other trifles which our very complete outfit had comprehended was a small steamboat adapted for the tortuous but necessary navigation of the yarra yarra, of which noble stream, moving calmly through walls of ti-tree, we commenced to make the acquaintance. this steamerlet—she was a very tiny automaton, puffing out of all proportion to her speed—but the only funnel-bearer—think of that, victorians of this high-pressure era!—had been sent down by the head of the family the voyage before, safely bestowed upon the deck of a larger vessel. "the movastar was a better boat," i daresay, but the tiny firefly bore us and the lares and penates of many other "first families"—in the sense of priority—safely to terra firma on the north side of what was then called the "yarra basin." this was an oval-shaped natural enlargement of the average width of the river, much as a waterhole in a creek exceeds the ordinary channel. the energetic batman and the sturdy cobbett of the south, pascoe fawkner, had thought it good to set about making a town, and here we found the bustling britisher of the period engaged in building up melbourne with might and main. our leader laid it down at that[pg 4] time, as the result of his experience of many lands, that the new colony, being outside of 36 deg. south latitude, would not be scourged with droughts as had been new south wales from her commencement. in great measure, and absolutely as regarding the western portions of victoria, this prophecy has been borne out.

sufficient time had elapsed for the army of mechanics, then established in port phillip, to erect many weatherboard and a few brick houses. into a cottage of the latter construction we were hastily inducted, pending the finishing of a two-storied mansion in flinders street, not very far from prince's bridge. bridge was there none in those days, it is hardly necessary to say; not even the humble one with wooden piers that spanned the stream later, and connected melbourne people with the sandy forest of south yarra, then much despised for its alleged agricultural inferiority: still there was a punt. you could get across, but not always when you wanted. and i recall the incident of captain brunswick smyth, late of the 50th regiment, and the first commandant of mounted police, riding down to the ferry, from which the guardian was absent—"sick, or drunk, or suthin"—and, with military impatience, dashing on board with a brace of troopers, who pulled the lumbering barge across, and fastened her to the farther shore.

large trees at that time studded the green meadow, which, after the winter rain, was marshy and reed-covered. there did i shoot, and bear home with schoolboy pride, a blue crane—the australian heron—who, being only wounded, "went near" to[pg 5] pick out one of my eyes, wounding my cheek-bone with a sudden stab of his closed beak. the lovely bronze-wing pigeons were plentiful then amid the wild forest tracks of newtown, afterwards collingwood. many times have i and my boy comrades stood at no great distance from the present populous suburb and wondered whether we were going straight for the "settlement," as we then irreverently styled the wonder-city. the streets of the new-born town had been "ruled off," as some comic person phrased it, very straight and wide; but there had not been sufficient money as yet available from the somewhat closely-guarded distant treasury of sydney to clear them from stumps. however, as in most communities during the speculative stage, any amount was forthcoming when required for purposes of amusement. balls, picnics, races, and dinners were frequent and fashionable. driving home from one of the first-named entertainments, through the lampless streets, a carriage, piloted by a gallant officer, came to signal grief against a stump. the ladies were thrown out, the carriage thrown over, and the charioteer fractured. paterfamilias, absent on business, marked his disapproval of the expedition by resolutely refraining from repairing the vehicle. for years after it stood in the back yard with cracked panels, a monument of domestic miscalculation.

it must be terribly humiliating to the survivors of that "first rush" to consider what untold wealth lay around them in the town and suburban allotments, which the most guarded investment would have secured. the famous subdivision in collins street, upon which the present bank of australasia now[pg 6] stands, was purchased by the wesleyan denomination for ￡70! acres and half-acres in flinders, collins, and elizabeth streets were purchased at the first government sales held in sydney at similar and lower rates. i have heard the late mr. jacques, at that time acting as crown auctioneer, selling at the sydney markets ever so much of williamstown, at prices which would cause the heart of the land-dealer of the present day to palpitate strangely. i can hear now the old gentleman's full, sonorous voice rolling out the words, "allotment so-and-so, parish of will-will-rook," the native names being largely and very properly used. "villamanatah" and "maribyrnong" occurred, i think, pretty often in the same series of sales. the invariable increase in prices after the first sales led naturally to a species of south sea stock bubbledom. he who bought to-day—and men of all classes shared in the powerful excitement—was so certain of an advance of 25, 50, or cent per cent, that every one who could command the wherewithal hastened to the land lottery, where every ticket was a prize. speculative eagles in flocks were gathered around the carcase. borrowing existed then, though undeveloped as one of the fine arts compared to its latest triumphs; bills, even in that struggling infancy of banking, were thick in the air. successful or prospective sales necessitated champagne lunches, whereby the empty bottles—erstwhile filled with that cheerful vintage—accumulated in stacks around the homes and haunts of the leading operators. the reigning governor-general, on a flying visit to the non-mineral precursor of ballarat and bendigo, noted the unparalleled [pg 7]profusion, and, it is said, refused on that account some request of the self-elected patres conscripti of our rome in long clothes. farms, in blocks of forty and eighty acres, had been marked off above the yarra falls. they had been purchased at prices tending to be high, as prices ruled then. but they could not have been really high, for one of them, since pretty well known as toorak, for years rented for several thousands per annum, and possessing a value of about ￡1000 each for its eighty acres, was purchased by an early colonist for less than ￡1000, all told. it was subsequently sold by him, under the crushing pressure of the panic of 1842 and 1843, for ￡120.

what a different place was the flemington racecourse, say, when victor and sir charles ran for the town plate—when romeo's white legs and matchless shoulder were to be seen thereon—when jack hunter's filly, hellcat, won the sir charles purse, furnished by a generous stud patron for the owners of descendants of that forgotten courser. fancy the change to the cup day with martini-henry coming in! where racing springs up, there also do differences of opinion frequently occur. with respect to the said victory of hellcat, then the property of jack hunter, it was objected by a well-known "horse couper" of the day, known as "hopping jack," that she was no true descendant of sir charles. he was contradicted very flatly, and sufficient proof having been afforded to the stewards, her owner received the stakes. still the mighty mind of john ewart held distrust as he ambled home, dangling his "game" leg on his eel-backed bay horse, the same which carried him overland from sydney to melbourne in[pg 8] ten days—six hundred miles. "a sworn horse-courser," like blount, was hopping jack, and, unlike marmion's fast squire, had ridden many a steeplechase. in the quickly shifting adventure-scope of the day it chanced that the two jacks went to sea, desiring to revisit scotia, doubtless for their pecuniary benefit. a great storm arose, and the homeward-bound vessel was wrecked. the passengers barely escaped with their lives, and were forced to return to port phillip. at one period of the disaster there was little or no hope for the lives of all. as they clung gloomily to the uplifted deck—fast on a reef—hopping jack approached mr. hunter with a grave and resolved air. all waited to hear his words. in that solemn hour he proved the exquisite accuracy of the thought, "the ruling passion strong in death," by thus adjuring his turf acquaintance, "look here, mr. hunter, we shall all be in —— in twenty minutes, it can't matter much now. was hellcat really a sir charles?" history is silent as to the reply.

how strange a melbourne would the picture—still distinctly photographed on memory's wondrous "negative"—present to the inhabitant of 1884. a solitary wood cart is struggling down from the direction of brighton along the unmade sandy track, patiently to await the convenience of the puntman. frank liardet is driving his unicorn omnibus team from the lonely beach, where now the sailors revel in many a glittering bar, and the tall sugar-refinery chimney "lifts its head" and smokes—or, at any rate, did recently. the squatter's wool-freighted bullock-teams lumber along the deep ruts of flinders[pg 9] lane. john pascoe fawkner bustles up and down the western end, at that time the fashionable part, of collins street. the eastern portion of that street—now decorated with palatial clubs and treasuries, and dominated by doctors—was then principally known as "the way to the plenty," a rivulet on the banks of which still abode certain cheerful young agricultural aristocrats, who had not had time quite to ruin themselves. now a whole tribe of blacks—wondering and frightened, young and old, warriors and greybeards, women and children—is being driven along collins street by troopers, on their way to the temporary gaol, there to be incarcerated for real or fancied violence. the philanthropist may console himself with the knowledge that they burrowed under their dungeon slabs and, i think, escaped. if not, they were released next day.

mr. latrobe, successor of captain lonsdale, on a state day—not styled governor, but his honour the superintendent—is riding towards batman's hill on a crop-eared hog-maned cob, yclept knockercroghery, attired in uniform, escorted by captain smyth and his terrible mounted police, the only military force of the day. the great plains, the wide forest-parks, shut closely in the little town on every side. countless swans and ducks are disporting themselves in unscared freedom upon the great west melbourne marsh. the travel-stained squatter rides wearily up to the livery stable, as yet unable to shorten by coach or rail a mile of his journey.