the 4th of october found me with my regiment (my detachment "handed over," and responsibility, so far as it was concerned, past) before sebastopol, which our army had now environed, on one side at least. and now i was face to face with the russians at last, and war had become a terrible reality. tents had been landed, and all the troops were fairly under canvas. our camp was strengthened by a chain of intrenchments dug all round it, and connected with those of the french, which extended to the sea on their left, while our right lay towards the valley of inkermann, at the entrance of which, on a chalky cliff, 190 feet high at its greatest elevation, rose the city of sebastopol, with all its lofty white mansions, that ran in parallel streets up the steep acclivity. in memory i can see it now, as i used to see it then, from the trenches, the advanced rifle-pits, or through the triangular door of my tent, with all its green-domed churches, its great round frowning batteries, forts alexander and constantine and others, perforated for cannon, tier above tier; and far inland apparently, for a distance after even the suburbs had ceased, were seen the tall slender masts of the numerous shipping that had taken shelter in the far recesses of the harbour, nearly to the mouth of the tchernaya, from our fleets (which now commanded all the black sea). and a pretty sight they formed in a sunny day, when all their white canvas was hanging idly on the yards to dry.

nearer the mouth of the great harbour were the enormous dark hulls of the line-of-battle ships--the three godheads of 120 guns, the silistria of 84, the paris and constantine, 120 each, and other vessels of that splendid fleet which was soon after sunk to bar our entrance. daily the russians threw shot and shell at us, while we worked hard to get under cover. the sound of those missiles was strange and exciting at first to the ears of the uninitiated; but after a time the terrible novelty of it passed away, or was heard with indifference; and with indifference, too, even those who had not been at alma learned to look on the killed and wounded, who were daily and nightly borne from the trenches to the rear, the latter to be under the care of the toil-worn surgeons, and the former to lie for a time in the dead-tents. the siege-train was long in arriving. "war tries the strength of the military framework," says napier. "it is in peace the framework itself must be formed, otherwise barbarians would be the leading soldiers of the world. a perfect army can only be made by civil institutions." yet with us such was the state of the "framework," by the results of a beggarly system of political economy, that when war was declared--a war after forty years of peace--our arsenals had not a sufficient quantity of shells for the first battering-train, and the fuses issued had been in store rotting and decaying since the days of toulouse and waterloo. this was but one among the many instances of gross mismanagement which characterised many arrangements of the expedition. and taking advantage of the delays, nightly the russians, with marvellous rapidity, were throwing up additional batteries of enormous strength, mounted with cannon taken from the six line-of-battle ships which, by a desperate resolve of prince menschikoff's, were ultimately sunk across the harbour-mouth, where we could see the sea-birds, scared by the adverse cannonade, perching at times on their masts and royal-yards, which long remained visible above the water. occasionally our war-steamers came near, and then their crews amused themselves by throwing shells into the town. far up the inlet lay a russian man-of-war, with a cannon ingeniously slung in her rigging. the shot from this, as they could slue it in any direction, greatly annoyed our sappers, and killed many of them, before one well-directed ball silenced it for ever.

two thousand seamen with their officers, forming the naval brigade of gallant memory, were landed from our fleet, bringing with them a magnificent battering-train of ship-guns of the largest calibre; and these hardy and active fellows lent most efficient aid in dragging their ordnance and the stores over the rough and hilly ground that lies between balaclava and the city. they were all in exuberant spirits at the prospect of a protracted "spree" ashore; for as such they viewed the circumstance of their forming a part of the combined forces destined to take sebastopol, and they amused and astonished the redcoats by their freaks and pranks under fire, and their ready alacrity, jollity, and muscular strength. guns of enormous weight and long range were fast being brought into position; the trenches were "pushed" with vigour; and now the work of a regular siege--the consecutive history of which forms no part of my narrative--was begun in stern earnest when the batteries opened on the 16th october. our armies were placed in a semicircle, commanding the southern side of this great fortified city and arsenal of the black sea. they were in full possession of the heights which overlook it, and were most favourably posted for the usual operations of a siege, which would never have been necessary had it been entered after alma was won. a deep and beautiful ravine, intersecting the elevated ground, extended from the harbour of the doomed city to balaclava, dividing the area of the allied camp into two portions. the french, i have said, were on the left, and we held the right.

on the very day our batteries opened, i received the notification of my appointment to a company. this rapid promotion was consequent to the sad casualties of the alma; and two days after, when the trench-guards were relieved, and i came off duty before daybreak, i crept back to my tent cold, miserable, and weary, to find my man evans--brother of the gallant private of the same name who planted the red dragon on the great redoubt--busy preparing a breakfast for three, with the information that caradoc and gwynne, who had been on board the hydaspes, an hospital ship for officers, had rejoined the night before, and had added their repast to mine for the sake of society. but food and other condiments were already scarce in the camp, and tidings that they had come from balaclava with their haversacks full, caused more than one hungry fellow to visit my humble abode, the canvas walls of which flapped drearily in the wind, that came sweeping up the valley of inkermann. without undressing, as the morning was almost in, i threw myself upon my camp-bed, which served me in lieu of a sofa, and strove, with the aid of a plaid, a railway-rug, and blanket, to get some warmth into my limbs, after the chill of a night spent in the damp trenches; while evans, poor fellow, was doing his best to boil our green and ill-ground coffee in a camp-kettle on a fire made of half-dried drift-wood, outside my tent, which was pitched in a line with thousands of others, on the slope of the hill that overlooked the valley where the tchernaya flows. though the season was considerably advanced now, the days were hot, but the nights were correspondingly chill; and at times a white dense fog came rolling up from the euxine, rendering still greater the discomfort of a bell-tent, as it penetrated every crevice, and rendered everything therein--one's bedding and wearing apparel, even that which was packed in overlands and bullock-trunks--damp, while sugar, salt, and bread became quite moist. luckily, somehow it did not seem to affect our ammunition. then there came high winds, which blew every night, whistling over the hill-tops, singing amongst the tent-ropes, and bellowing down the valley of inkermann.

these blasts sometimes cast the tent-ropes loose by uprooting the pegs, causing fears lest the pole--whereon hung the revolvers, swords, pans, and kettles of the occupants--might snap, and compel them, when hoping to enjoy a comfortable night's rest off duty, to come forth shivering from bed to grope for the loosened pegs amid the muddy soil or wet grass, and by the aid of a stone or a stray shot--if the mallet was not forthcoming--to secure them once more. this might be varied by a shower of rain, which sputtered in your face as you lay abed, till the canvas became thoroughly wetted, and so tightened. anon it might shrink; then the ropes would strain, and unless you were in time to relax them, down might come the whole domicile in a wet mass on those who were within it. now and then a random shot fired from sebastopol, or the whistling shell, with a sound like t'wit-t'wit-t'wit, describing a fiery arc as it soared athwart the midnight sky on its errand of destruction, varied the silence and darkness of the hour. the clink of shovels and pickaxes came ever and anon from the trenches, where the miners and working-parties were pushing their sap towards the city. the sentinels walked their weary round, or stood still, each on his post shivering, it might be, in the passing blast, but looking fixedly and steadily towards the enemy. the rest slept soundly after their day of toil and danger, watching, starvation, and misery; forgetful of the russian watchfires that burned in the distance, heedless of the perils of the coming day, and of where the coming night might find them. and so the night would pass, till the morning bugle sounded; then the stir and bustle began, and there was no longer rest for any, from the general of the day down to the goat of the welsh fusileers; the cooking, and cleaning of arms, parade of reliefs for outpost and the trenches, proceeded; but these without sound of trumpet or drum, as men detailed for such duties do everything silently; neither do their sentries take any complimentary notice of officers passing near their posts. ere long a thousand white puffs, spirting up from the broken ground between us and the city, would indicate the rifle-pits, where the skirmishers lay en perdue, taking quiet pot-shots at each other from behind stones, caper-bushes, sand-bags, and sap-rollers; and shimmering through haze and smoke--the blue smoke of the "villainous saltpetre"--rose the city itself, with its green spires and domes, white mansions, and bristling batteries.

and so i saw it through the tent-door as the morning drew on, and the golden sunshine began to stream down the long valley of inkermann, "the city of caverns;" while our foragers were on the alert, and turkish horses laden with hay, and strings of low four-wheeled arabas, driven by tartars in fur skull-caps, brown jackets, and loose white trousers, would vary the many costumes of the camp. and the morning sunshine fell on other things which were less lively,--the long mounds of fresh earth where the dead lay, many of them covered with white lime dust to insure speedy decay. and then began that daily cannonade against the city--the cannonade that was to last till we alone expended more than one hundred thousand barrels of gunpowder, and heaven alone knows how many tons of shot and shell.

often i lay in that tent, with the roar of the guns in my ears, pondering over the comfort of stone walls, of english sea-coal fires, and oftener still of her who was so far away, she so nobly born and rich, surrounded, as i knew she must always be, by all that wealth and luxury, rank and station could confer; and i thought longingly, "o for aunt margaret's mirror, or surrey's magic glass, or for the far-seeing telescope of the nursery tale, that i might see her once again!" estelle's promises of writing to me had not been fulfilled as yet, or her answers to my loving and earnest letters from malta and the crimea had miscarried.

"welcome, caradoc! welcome, gwynne!" cried i, springing off the camp-bed as my two friends entered the tent, of which i was the sole occupant, as my lieutenant was on board the hydaspes ill with fever, and my ensign, a poor boy fresh from westminster school, was under one of the horrid mounds in the shot-strewn valley.

"harry, old fellow, how are you?--how goes it? missed the alma, eh?" said they cheerfully, as we warmly shook hands.

"all the better, perhaps," said mostyn, who now joined us, while price and clavell soon after dropped in also; so two had to sit on the camp-bed, while the rest squatted on chests or buckets, and as for a table, we never missed it.

"and you were hit, caradoc?"

"in the calf of the left leg, harry, prodded by the rusty bayonet of a fellow who lay wounded on the ground, and who continued to fire after us when we had left him in the rear, till one of ours gave him the coup de grace with the butt-end of his musket. would you believe it?--the goat went up hill with us, and i couldn't, even while the bullets fell like hail about us, resist caressing it, for the sake of the donor."

"poor winny lloyd!"

"why poor?" asked phil.

"well, pretty, then. i saw her just before i left southampton."

"this goat seems to be the peculiar care of caradoc," said gwynne; "he rivals its keeper, little dicky roll the drummer, in his anxiety to procure leaves, and buds of spurge, birch, and bird-cherry for it."

phil caradoc laughed, and muttered something about being "fond of animals;" but a soft expression was in his handsome brown eyes, and i knew he was thinking of sweet winifred lloyd, of his bootless suit, and the pleasant woods of craigaderyn.

"and you, charley, were hit, too? saw your name in the gazette," said i.

"a ball right through the left fore-arm, clean as a whistle; but it is almost well."

"and now to breakfast. look sharp, evans, there's a good fellow! a morning walk from balaclava to the front gives one an appetite," said i.

"yes, that one may not often have, like us, the wherewith to satisfy. an appetite is the most troublesome thing one can have in the vicinity of sebastopol," replied phil.

a strange-looking group we were when contrasted with our appearance when last we met.

probably not one of us had enjoyed the luxury of a complete wash for a week, and the use of the razor having long been relinquished, our beards rivalled that of carneydd llewellyn in size, if not in hue. the scarlet uniforms, with lace and wings[3] of gold, in which we had landed, we had marched and fought and slept in for weeks, were purple, covered with discolorations, and patched with any stuff that came to hand. our trousers had turned from oxford gray to something of a red hue, with crimean mud. each of us had a revolver in his sash (which we then wore round the waist), and a canvas haversack or well-worn courier-bag slung over his shoulder, to contain whatever he might pick up, beg, borrow, or buy (some were less particular) in the shape of biscuits, eggs, fowls, or potatoes. caradoc carried a dead duck by the legs as he entered, and charley gwynne had a loaf of russian bread hung by a cord over his left shoulder, like a pilgrim at la scala santa; while price had actually secured a lump of cheese from the wife of a tartar, a fair one, with whom the universal lover had found favour when foraging in the lovely baidar valley. we were already too miserable to laugh at each other's appearance, and our tatters had ceased to be a matter of novelty. if such was the condition of our officers, that of the privates was fully worse; and thanks to our wretched commissariat and ambulance arrangements, the splendid physique of our men had begun to disappear; but their pluck was undying as ever.

on this morning we six were to have a breakfast such as rarely fell to our lot in the crimea; for evans, my welsh factotum and fidus achates, was a clever fellow, and speedily had prepared for us, at a fire improvised under the shelter of a rock, a large kettle of steaming coffee, which, sans milk, we drank from tin canteens, tumblers, or anything suitable, and gwynne's loaf was shared fraternally among us, together with a brace of fowls found by him in a tartar cottage. "lineal descendants of the cock that crew to mahomet, no doubt," said he; "and now, thanks to evans, there they are, brown, savoury, appetising, gizzard under one wing, liver under the other--done to a turn, and on an old ramrod."

and while discussing them, the events of the siege were also discussed, as coolly as we were wont to do the most ordinary field man[oe]uvres at home.

"the deuce!" said i, "how the breeze comes under the wall of this wretched tent!"

"don't abuse the tent, harry," said caradoc; "i am thankful to find myself in one, after being on board the hydaspes. it must be a veritable luxury to be able to sleep, even on a camp-bed and alone, after being in a hospital, with one sufferer on your right, another on your left, dead or dying, groaning and in agony. may god kindly keep us all from the 'bloody hospital of scutari,' after all i have heard of it!"

"you were with us last night in the trenches, mostyn?" said i.

"yes, putting gwynne's hythe theories into practice from a rifle pit. i am certain that i potted at least three of the ruskies as coolly as ever i did grouse in scotland. all squeamishness has left me now, though i could not help shuddering when first i saw a man's heels in the air, after firing at him. you will never guess what happened on our left. a stout vivandière of the 3rd zouaves, while in the act of giving me a petit verre from her little keg, was taken--"

"by the enemy?" exclaimed price.

"not at all--with the pains of maternity; and actually while the shot and shell were flying over our heads."

"and what were the trench casualties?" asked gwynne.

"about a hundred and twenty of all ranks, killed, wounded, and missing. a piece more of the fowl--thanks."

"a guardsman was killed last night, i have heard," said hugh price.

"yes; poor evelyn of the coldstreams; he was first blinded by dust and earth blown into his eyes by the ricochetting of a 36-pound shot, and as he was groping about in an exposed place between the gabions, he fell close by me."

"wounded?"

"mortally--hit in the head; he' was just able to whisper some woman's name, and then expired. he purchased all his steps up to the majority, so there's a pot of money gone. i think i could enjoy a quiet weed now; but, clavell, there was surely an awful shindy in your quarter last night?"

"yes," replied tom, who, since he had been under fire, seemed to have grown an inch taller; "a sortie."

"a sortie?" said two or three, laughing.

"well, something deuced like it," said tom, testily, as he stroked the place where his moustache was to be. "i was asleep between the gabions about twelve at night, when all at once a terrible uproar awoke me. 'stand to your arms, men, stand to your arms!' cried our adjutant; 'the russians are scouring the trenches!' i sprang up, and tumbled against a bulky brute in a spike-helmet and long coat, with a smoking revolver in his hand, just as a sergeant of ours shot him. it was all confusion--i can tell you nothing about it; but we will see it all in the times by and by. 'sound for the reserves!' cried one. 'by god, they have taken the second parallel!' cried another. 'fire!' 'don't fire yet!' but our recruits began to blaze away at random. the russians, however, fell back; it might have been only a reconnoitring party; but, anyhow, they have levanted with the major of the 93rd highlanders."

"the deuce they have!" we exclaimed. and this episode of the major's capture was to have more interest for me than i could then foresee.

"these cigars, five in number," continued tom, "were given to me by a poor dying zouave, who had lost his way and fallen among us. i gave him a mouthful of brandy from my canteen, after which he said, take these, monsieur l'officier; they are all i have in the world now, and, as you smoke them, think of poor paul ferrière of the 3rd zouaves, once a jolly student of the ecole de médecine, dying now, like a beggar's dog!' he added, bitterly. 'nay,' said i, 'like a brave soldier.' 'monsieur is right,' said he, with a smile. our surgeons could do nothing for him, and so he expired quite easily, while watching his own blood gradually filling up a hole in the earth near him!"

"well, the crimea, bad as it is," said caradoc, as he prepared and lit one of the frenchman's cigars, "is better than serving in india, i think; 'that union of well-born paupers,' as some fellow has it, 'a penal servitude for those convicted of being younger sons.'"

"by jove, i can't agree with you," said mostyn, who had served in india, and was also a younger son; "but glory is a fine thing, no doubt."

"glory be hanged!" said gwynne, testily; "a little bit of it goes a long way with me."

"see, there go some of the naval brigade to have a little ball practice with a big lancaster!" cried tom clavell, starting to the tent-door.

"getting another gun into position apparently," added raymond mostyn.

as they spoke, a party of seamen, whiskered and bronzed, armed with cutlasses and pistols, their officers with swords drawn, swept past the tent-door at a swinging trot, all singing cheerily a forecastle song, of which the monotonous burden seemed to be,

"o that i had her, o that i had her,

seated on my knee!

o that i had her, o that i had her,

a black girl though she be!"

tallying on the while to the drag-ropes of a great lancaster gun, which they trundled up the slope, crushing stones, caper-bushes, and everything under its enormous grinding wheels, till they got it into position; and a loud ringing cheer, accompanied by a deep and sullen boom, ere long announced that they had slued it round and sent one more globe of iron to add to the hundreds that were daily hurled against sebastopol. on this occasion the fire of this especial lancaster gun was ordered to be directed against a bastion on the extreme left of the city, where the officer in command, a man of remarkable bravery, who had led several sorties against us, seemed to work his cannon and direct their fire with uncommon skill; and it was hoped that we should ere long dismount or disable them, and if possible breach the place.