levin put on his big boots, and, for the first time, a cloth jacket, instead of his fur cloak, and went out to look after his farm, stepping over streams of water that flashed in the sunshine and dazzled his eyes, and treading one minute on ice and the next into sticky mud.

spring is the time of plans and projects. and, as he came out into the farmyard, levin, like a tree in spring that knows not what form will be taken by the young shoots and twigs imprisoned in its swelling buds, hardly knew what undertakings he was going to begin upon now in the farm work that was so dear to him. but he felt that he was full of the most splendid plans and projects. first of all he went to the cattle. the cows had been let out into their paddock, and their smooth sides were already shining with their new, sleek, spring coats; they basked in the sunshine and lowed to go to the meadow. levin gazed admiringly at the cows he knew so intimately to the minutest detail of their condition, and gave orders for them to be driven out into the meadow, and the calves to be let into the paddock. the herdsman ran gaily to get ready for the meadow. the cowherd girls, picking up their petticoats, ran splashing through the mud with bare legs, still white, not yet brown from the sun, waving brush wood in their hands, chasing the calves that frolicked in the mirth of spring.

after admiring the young ones of that year, who were particularly fine--the early calves were the size of a peasant's cow, and pava's daughter, at three months old, was a big as a yearling-- levin gave orders for a trough to be brought out and for them to be fed in the paddock. but it appeared that as the paddock had not been used during the winter, the hurdles made in the autumn for it were broken. he sent for the carpenter, who, according to his orders, ought to have been at work at the thrashing machine. but it appeared that the carpenter was repairing the harrows, which ought to have been repaired before lent. this was very annoying to levin. it was annoying to come upon that everlasting slovenliness in the farm work against which he had been striving with all his might for so many years. the hurdles, as he ascertained, being not wanted in winter, had been carried to the cart-horses' stable; and there broken, as they were of light construction, only meant for folding calves. moreover, it was apparent also that the harrows and all the agricultural implements, which he had directed to be looked over and repaired in the winter, for which very purpose he had hired three carpenters, had not been put into repair, and the harrows were being repaired when they ought to have been harrowing the field. levin sent for his bailiff, but immediately went off himself to look for him. the bailiff, beaming all over, like everyone that day, in a sheepskin bordered with astrachan, came out of the barn, twisting a bit of straw in his hands.

"why isn't the carpenter at the thrashing machine?"

"oh, i meant to tell you yesterday, the harrows want repairing. here it's time they got to work in the fields."

"but what were they doing in the winter, then?"

"but what did you want the carpenter for?"

"where are the hurdles for the calves' paddock?"

"i ordered them to be got ready. what would you have with those peasants!" said the bailiff, with a wave of his hand.

"it's not those peasants but this bailiff!" said levin, getting angry. "why, what do i keep you for?" he cried. but, bethinking himself that this would not help matters, he stopped short in the middle of a sentence, and merely sighed. "well, what do you say? can sowing begin?" he asked, after a pause.

"behind turkin tomorrow or the next day they might begin."

"and the clover?"

"i've sent vassily and mishka; they're sowing. only i don't know if they'll manage to get through; it's so slushy."

"how many acres?"

"about fifteen."

"why not sow all?" cried levin.

that they were only sowing the clover on fifteen acres, not on all the forty-five, was still more annoying to him. clover, as he knew, both from books and from his own experience, never did well except when it was sown as early as possible, almost in the snow. and yet levin could never get this done.

"there's no one to send. what would you have with such a set of peasants? three haven't turned up. and there's semyon..."

"well, you should have taken some men from the thatching."

"and so i have, as it is."

"where are the peasants, then?"

"five are making compote (which meant compost), "four are shifting the oats for fear of a touch of mildew, konstantin dmitrievitch."

levin knew very well that "a touch of mildew" meant that his english seed oats were already ruined. again they had not done as he had ordered.

"why, but i told you during lent to put in pipes," he cried.

"don't put yourself out; we shall get it all done in time."

levin waved his hand angrily, went into the granary to glance at the oats, and then to the stable. the oats were not yet spoiled. but the peasants were carrying the oats in spaces when they might simply let the slide down into the lower granary; and arranging for this to be done, and taking two workmen from there for sowing clover, levin got over his vexation with the bailiff. indeed, it was such a lovely day that one could not be angry.

"ignat!" he called to the coachman, who, with his sleeves tucked up, was washing the carriage wheels, "saddle me..."

"which, sir?"

"well, let it be kolpik."

"yes, sir."

while they were saddling his horse, levin again called up the bailiff, who was handing about in sight, to make it up with him, and began talking to him about the spring operations before them, and his plans for the farm.

the wagons were to begin carting manure earlier, so as to get all done before the early mowing. and the ploughing of the further land to go on without a break so as to let it ripen lying fallow. and the mowing to be all done by hired labor, not on half-profits. the bailiff listened attentively, and obviously made an effort to approve of his employer's projects. but still he had that look levin knew so well that always irritated him, a look of hopelessness and despondency. that look said: "that's all very well, but as god wills."

nothing mortified levin so much as that tone. but it was the tone common to all the bailiffs he had ever had. they had all taken up that attitude to his plans, and so now he was not angered by it, but mortified, and felt all the more roused to struggle against this, as it seemed, elemental force continually ranged against him, for which he could find no other expression than "as god wills."

"if we can manage it, konstantin dmitrievitch," said the bailiff.

"why ever shouldn't you manage it?"

"we positively must have another fifteen laborers. and they don't turn up. there were some here today asking seventy roubles for the summer."

levin was silent. again he was brought face to face with that opposing force. he knew that however much they tried, they could not hire more than forty--thirty-seven perhaps or thirty-eight-- laborers for a reasonable sum. some forty had been taken on, and there were no more. but still he could not help struggling against it.

"send to sury, to tchefirovka; if they don't come we must look for them."

"oh, i'll send, to be sure," said vassily fedorovitch despondently. "but there are the horses, too, they're not good for much."

"we'll get some more. i know, of course," levin added laughing, "you always want to do with as little and as poor quality as possible; but this year i'm not going to let you have things your own way. i'll see to everything myself."

"why, i don't think you take much rest as it is. it cheers us up to work under the master's eye..."

"so they're sowing clover behind the birch dale? i'll go and have a look at them," he said, getting on to the little bay cob, kolpik, who was let up by the coachman.

"you can't get across the streams, konstantin dmitrievitch," the coachman shouted.

"all right, i'll go by the forest."

and levin rode through the slush of the farmyard to the gate and out into the open country, his good little horse, after his long inactivity, stepping out gallantly, snorting over the pools, and asking, as it were, for guidance. if levin had felt happy before in the cattle pens and farmyard, he felt happier yet in the open country. swaying rhythmically with the ambling paces of his good little cob, drinking in the warm yet fresh scent of the snow and the air, as he rode through his forest over the crumbling, wasted snow, still left in parts, and covered with dissolving tracks, he rejoiced over every tree, with the moss reviving on its bark and the buds swelling on its shoots. when he came out of the forest, in the immense plain before him, his grass fields stretched in an unbroken carpet of green, without one bare place or swamp, only spotted here and there in the hollows with patches of melting snow. he was not put out of temper even by the sight of the peasants' horses and colts trampling down his young grass (he told a peasant he met to drive them out), nor by the sarcastic and stupid reply of the peasant ipat, whom he met on the way, and asked, "well, ipat, shall we soon be sowing?" "we must get the ploughing done first, konstantin dmitrievitch," answered ipat. the further he rode, the happier he became, and plans for the land rose to his mind each better than the last; to plant all his fields with hedges along the southern borders, so that the snow should not lie under them; to divide them up into six fields of arable and three of pasture and hay; to build a cattle yard at the further end of the estate, and to dig a pond and to construct movable pens for the cattle as a means of manuring the land. and then eight hundred acres of wheat, three hundred of potatoes, and four hundred of clover, and not one acre exhausted.

absorbed in such dreams, carefully keeping his horse by the hedges, so as not to trample his young crops, he rode up to the laborers who had been sent to sow clover. a cart with the seed in it was standing, not at the edge, but in the middle of the crop, and the winter corn had been torn up by the wheels and trampled by the horse. both the laborers were sitting in the hedge, probably smoking a pipe together. the earth in the cart, with which the seed was mixed, was not crushed to powder, but crusted together or adhering in clods. seeing the master, the laborer, vassily, went towards the cart, while mishka set to work sowing. this was not as it should be, but with the laborers levin seldom lost his temper. when vassily came up, levin told him to lead the horse to the hedge.

"it's all right, sir, it'll spring up again," responded vassily.

"please don't argue," said levin, "but do as you're told."

"yes, sir," answered vassily, and he took the horse's head. "what a sowing, konstantin dmitrievitch," he said, hesitating; "first rate. only it's a work to get about! you drag a ton of earth on your shoes."

"why is it you have earth that's not sifted?" said levin.

"well, we crumble it up," answered vassily, taking up some seed and rolling the earth in his palms.

vassily was not to blame for their having filled up his cart with unsifted earth, but still it was annoying.

levin had more than once already tried a way he knew for stifling his anger, and turning all that seemed dark right again, and he tried that way now. he watched how mishka strode along, swinging the huge clods of earth that clung to each foot; and getting off his horse, he took the sieve from vassily and started sowing himself.

"where did you stop?"

vassily pointed to the mark with his foot, and levin went forward as best he could, scattering the seed on the land. walking was a difficult as on a bog, and by the time levin had ended the row he was in a great heat, and he stopped and gave up the sieve to vassily.

"well, master, when summer's here, mind you don't scold me for these rows," said vassily.

"eh?" said levin cheerily, already feeling the effect of his method.

"why, you'll see in the summer time. it'll look different. look you where i sowed last spring. how i did work at it! i do my best, konstantin dmitrievitch, d'ye see, as i would for my own father. i don't like bad work myself, nor would i let another man do it. what's good for the master's good for us too. to look out yonder now," said vassily, pointing, "it does one's heart good."

"it's a lovely spring, vassily."

"why, it's a spring such as the old men don't remember the like of. i was up home; an old man up there has sown wheat too, about an acre of it. he was saying you wouldn't know it from rye."

"have yo been sowing wheat long?"

"why, sir, it was you taught us the year before last. you gave me two measures. we sold about eight bushels and sowed a rood."

"well, mind you crumble up the clods," said levin, going towards his horse, "and keep an eye on mishka. and if there's a good crop you shall have half a rouble for every acre."

"humbly thankful. we are very well content, sir, as it is."

levin got on his horse and rode towards the field where was last year's clover, and the one which was ploughed ready for the spring corn.

the crop of clover coming up in the stubble was magnificent. it had survived everything, and stood up vividly green through the broken stalks of last year's wheat. the horse sank in up to the pasterns, and he drew each hoof with a sucking sound out of the half-thawed ground. over the ploughland riding was utterly impossible; the horse could only keep a foothold where there was ice, and in the thawing furrows he sank deep in at each step. the ploughland was in splendid condition; in a couple of days it would be fit for harrowing and sowing. everything was capital, everything was cheering. levin rode back across the streams, hoping the water would have gone down. and he did in fact get across, and startled two ducks. "there must be snipe too," he thought, and just as he reached the turning homewards he met the forest keeper, who confirmed his theory about the snipe.

levin went home at a trot, so as to have time to eat his dinner and get his gun ready for the evening.