reception on the st. james’s stage—an indian prince—his comments—the audience—george alexander’s youth—how he missed a fortune—how he learns a part—a scenic garden—love of the country—actors’ pursuits—strain of theatrical life—life and death—fads—mr. maude’s dressing-room—sketches on distempered walls—arthur bourchier and his dresser—john hare—early and late theatres—a solitary dinner—an hour’s make-up—a forgetful actor—bonne camaraderie—theatrical salaries—treasury day—thriftlessness—the advent of stalls—the bancrofts—the haymarket photographs—a dress rehearsal.

one of the most delightful theatrical entertainments i ever remember was held by mr. george alexander on the stage of the st. james’s theatre. it was in honour of the coronation of edward vii., and given to the indian princes and colonial visitors.

the play preceding the reception was that charming piece paolo and francesca. i sat in the stalls, and on my right hand was a richly attired indian, who wore a turban lavishly ornamented with jewels. i had seen him a short while previously at a court at buckingham palace, one of those magnificent royal evening receptions queen alexandra has instituted instead of those dreary afternoon drawing-rooms. this gentleman[pg 126] had been there when the royalties received the indian princes in june, 1902, the occasion when the royal cortége promenaded through those spacious rooms with such magnificent effect. it was the court held a few days prior to the date first fixed for the coronation—a ceremony postponed, as all the world knows, till some weeks later in consequence of the king’s sudden illness.

my princely neighbour was very grand. he wore that same huge ruby at the side of his head, set in diamonds and ornamented with an osprey, which had excited so much admiration at buckingham palace. although small he was a fine-looking man and had charming manners. he read his programme carefully and seemed much interested in the performance, then he looked through his opera-glasses and appeared puzzled; suddenly i realised he wanted to know something.

“you follow the play?” i asked; “or can i explain anything to you?”

“thank you so much,” he replied in charming english. “i can follow it pretty well, but i cannot quite make out whether the lovely young lady is really going to marry that hump-backed man. surely she ought to marry the handsome young fellow. she is so lily-lovely.”

“no, francesca marries giovanni.”

“ah, it is too sad, poor thing,” answered the indian gentleman, apparently much grieved. he turned to his neighbour, who did not speak english, and retailed the information. their distress was really amusing. evidently the lovely white lady (miss millard) deserved[pg 127] a better fate according to their ideas, for he repeatedly expressed his distress as the play proceeded. before he left the theatre that night he crossed the stage, and making a profound bow, thanked me for helping him to understand the play. his gratitude and oriental politeness were charming.

the st. james’s presented a gay scene. the indian dresses, the diamonds, and extra floral decorations rendered it a regular gala performance. at the usual hour the curtain descended. the general public left; but invited guests remained. we rose from our seats and conversed with friends, while a perfect army of stage carpenters and strange women, after moving out the front row of stalls, brought flights of steps and made delightfully carpeted staircases lead up to either side of the stage. huge palms and lovely flowers banked the banisters and hid the orchestra. within a few moments the whole place resembled a conservatory fitted up as for a rout. it was all done as if by magic. methinks mr. alexander must have had several “stage rehearsals” to accomplish results so admirable with such rapidity.

the curtain rose, the stage had been cleared, and there at the head of the staircase stood the handsome actor-manager in plain dress clothes, washed and cleaned from his heavy make-up, and with his smiling wife ready to receive their guests.

at the back of the stage the scenery had been arranged to form a second room, wherein supper was served at a buffet.

it was all admirably done. most of the colonial[pg 128] premiers were there, many of the indian princes, and a plentiful sprinkling of the leading lights of london. of course a stage is not very big and the numbers had to be limited; but about a couple of hundred persons thoroughly enjoyed that supper behind the footlights at the st. james’s theatre. many of the people had never been on a stage before, and it was rather amusing to see them peeping behind the flies, and asking weird questions from the scene-shifters. some were surprised to find the floor was not level, but a gentle incline, for all audiences do not know the necessity of raising the back figures, so that those in front of the house may see all the performers.

a party on the stage is always interesting, and generally of rare occurrence, although sir henry irving and mr. beerbohm tree both gave suppers in honour of the coronation, so england’s distinguished visitors had several opportunities of enjoying these unique receptions. at the supper at his majesty’s theatre a few nights later the chief attractions besides the beerbohm trees were mrs. kendal and miss ellen terry, the latter still wearing her dress as mistress page. every one wanted to shake hands with her, and not a few were saddened to see her using those grey smoked glasses she always dons when not actually before the footlights.

photo by langfier, 23a, old bond street, london, w.

mr. george alexander.

george alexander has had a most successful career, but he was not cradled on the stage. his father was an ayrshire man and the boy was brought up for business. not liking that he turned to [pg 129]medicine, and still being dissatisfied he abandoned the doctor’s art at an early stage and took a post in a silk merchant’s office. this brought him to london. from that moment he was a constant theatre-goer, and in september, 1879, made his first bow behind the footlights. he owes much of his success to the training he received in sir henry irving’s company at the lyceum. there is no doubt much of the business learned in early youth has stood him in good stead in his theatrical ventures, and much of the artistic taste and desire for perfection in stage-mounting so noticeable at the st. james’s was imbibed in the early days at the lyceum. it takes a great deal to make a successful actor-manager; he must have literary and artistic taste, business capacity, and withal knowledge of his craft.

in 1891 he took the st. james’s theatre and began a long series of successes. he has gone through the mill, worked his way from the bottom to the top, and being possessed of an exceptionally clear business head, has made fewer mistakes than many others in his profession.

mr. alexander tells a good story about himself:

“for many months i continually received very long letters from a lady giving me her opinion not only on current stage matters, but on the topics of the hour, with graphic descriptions of herself—her doings—her likes and dislikes. she gave no address, but her letters usually bore the postmark of a country town not a hundred miles from london. she confided in me that she was a spinster, and that she did not[pg 130] consider her relations sympathetic. she was obviously well-to-do—i gathered this from her account of her home and her daily life as she described them. suddenly her letters ceased, and i wondered what had happened. almost two months after i received her last letter, i had a communication from a firm of lawyers asking for an appointment. i met them—two very serious-looking gentlemen they were too! after a good deal of preliminary talk they came to their point.

“‘you know miss ——’ said the elder of the men.

“‘no,’ i replied.

“‘but you do,’ he said. ‘she has written to you continually.’

“this was very puzzling, but following up the slight clue, i asked:

“‘is her christian name mary?’

“‘yes,’ he replied.

“‘and she lives at——?’

“then i knew whom they meant. their mission, it seemed, was to tell me that the lady had been very ill, and fearing she was going to die, had expressed a wish to alter her will in my favour. as the lawyers had acted for her family for many years, and were friends of her relations, they had taken her instructions quietly, but after much discussion in private had decided to call on me and inform me of the facts, and they asked me to write a letter to them stating that such a course would be distasteful to me and unfair to her relations. i did so in strong terms, and so i lost a little fortune[pg 131].”

when mr. alexander learns a new part he and his wife retire to their cottage at chorley wood to study. i bicycled thither one day from chalfont st. peter’s, when to my disappointment the servant informed me they were “out.”

“oh dear, how sad!” i said, “for it is so hot, and i’m tired and wanted some tea.”

evidently this wrung her heart, for she said she would “go and see.” she went, and immediately mr. alexander appeared to bid me welcome.

“i’m working,” he said, “and the maid has orders not to admit any one without special permission.”

what a pretty scene. lying in a hammock in the orchard on that hot summer’s day was the actor-manager of the st. james’s theatre. seated on a garden chair was his wife, simply dressed in white serge and straw hat. on her lap lay the new typewritten play in its brown paper covers, and at her feet was boris, the famous hound. the alexanders had been a fortnight at the cottage working hard at the play, and at the moment of my arrival mrs. alexander was hearing her husband his part. not only does she do this, but she makes excellent suggestions. she studies the plays, too, and her taste is of the greatest value as regards dresses, stage decorations, or the arrangement of crowds. although she has never played professionally, mrs. alexander knows all the ins and outs of theatrical life, and is of the greatest help to her husband in the productions.

had a stranger entered a compartment of a train between chorley wood and london a few days later,[pg 132] he might have thought george alexander and i were about to commit murder, suicide, or both.

“what have you got there?” asked the actor when we met on the platform.

“a gun,” was my reply.

“a gun?”

“yes, a gun. i’m taking it to london to be mended.”

“ha ha! i can beat that,” he laughed. “see what i have here,” and opening a little box he disclosed half a dozen razors.

“razors!” i exclaimed.

“yes, razors; so be wary with your sanguinary weapon, for mine mean worse mischief.”

he was taking the razors to london to be sharpened.

it was fortunate no accident happened to that train, or a gun and six razors might have formed food for “public inquiry.”

it is a curious thing how many actors and actresses like to shake the dust of the stage from their feet on leaving the theatre. they seem to become satiated with publicity, to long for the country and an outdoor, freer life, and in many instances they not only long for it, but actually succeed in obtaining it, and the last trains on saturday night are often full of theatrical folk seeking repose far from theatres till monday afternoon.

recreation and entire change of occupation are absolutely necessary to the brain-worker, and the man is wise who realises this. if he does, and seeks complete[pg 133] rest from mental strain, he will probably have a long and successful career; otherwise the breakdown is sure to come, and may come with such force as to leave the victim afflicted for life, so it is far wiser for the brain-worker of whatever profession or business to realise this at an early stage. in this respect actors are as a rule wiser than their fellow-workers, and seek and enjoy recreation on sunday and monday, which is more than can be said of many lawyers, doctors, painters, or literary men.

the strain of theatrical life is great. no one should attempt to go upon the stage who is not strong. if there be any constitutional weakness, theatrical life will find it out. extremes of heat and cold have to be borne. low dresses or thick furs have to be worn in succeeding acts. the atmosphere of gas and sulphur is often bad, but must be endured.

a heavy part exhausts an actor in a few minutes as much as carrying a hod of bricks all day does a labourer. he may have to change his underclothing two or three times in an evening, in spite of all his dresser’s rubbing down. the mental and physical strain affects the pores of the skin and exhausts the body, that is why one hardly ever finds an actor fat. he takes too much physical exercise, takes too much out of himself, ever to let superfluous flesh accumulate upon his bones.

yes, the actor’s life is often a mental strain, of which the following is a striking instance. a very devoted couple were once caused much anxiety by[pg 134] the wife’s serious and protracted illness. months wore on, and every night the husband played his part, wondering what news would greet him when he returned home. at last it was decided that an operation was necessary. it was a grave operation, one of life and death, but it had to be faced.

one morning the wife bade her bairns and her home good-bye, and drove off with her spouse to a famous surgical home. that night the poor actor had to play his comic part, with sad and anxious heart he had to smile and caper and be amusing. think of the mockery of it all. next morning he was up early, toying with his breakfast, in order to be at the home before nine o’clock, when that serious operation was to be performed. he did not see his wife—that would have upset them both—but like a caged lion he walked up and down, up and down in an adjoining room. at last came the glad tidings that it was over, and all had so far gone satisfactorily.

back to the theatre he went that night, having heard the latest bulletin, and played his part with smiling face, knowing his wife was hovering between life and death. next morning she was not so well. it was a matinée day, and in an agony of anxiety and excitement that poor man played two performances, receiving wires about her condition between the acts. think of it! we often laugh at men and women, who may be for all we know, acting with aching hearts. comedy and tragedy are closely interwoven in life, perhaps especially so in theatrical life.

by way of recreation from work george alexander[pg 135] rushes off to his cottage at chorley wood to play golf. sir charles wyndham and sir squire and lady bancroft for many years enjoyed rambles in switzerland. sir henry irving is a tremendous smoker and never happy without a cigar. ellen terry is so devoted to her son and daughter, she finds recreation in their society. cyril maude loves shooting and all country pursuits. winifred emery never mentions the theatre after she leaves the stage door, and finds relaxation in domesticity. mrs. kendal knits. lewis waller motors. dan leno retires to the suburbs to look after his ducks. arthur bourchier is fond of golfing whenever he gets a chance. miss marie tempest lives in a musical set, and is as devoted to her friends as they are to her.

the world is governed by fads. fads are an antidote to boredom—a tonic to the overworked, and actors enjoy fads like the rest of us; for instance:

eugene oudin, that most delightful operatic singer, who was cut off just as he stepped on the top rung of fame’s ladder, was a splendid photographer. in 1890 photography was not so much the fashion as it is nowadays, but even then his pictures were works of art. he portrayed his contemporaries—the de reskes, van dyck, calvé, hans richter, mascagni, joachim, tosti, alma-tadema, john drew, melba, and dozens more at their work, or in some way that would make a picture as well as a photograph. then these worthies signed the copies, which were subsequently hung round the walls of oudin’s private study.

[pg 136]

miss julia neilson has a passion for collecting fans. herbert waring is a brilliant whist-player. mrs. patrick campbell adores small dogs, and nearly always has one tucked under her arm. many actresses have particular mascots. miss ellen terry, miss lily hanbury, and a host more have their lucky ornaments which they wear on first nights. miss irene vanbrugh is devoted to turquoises, and has a necklace composed of curious specimens of these stones, presents from her many friends.

miss violet vanbrugh declares she is “one of those people who somehow never contrive actively or passively to be the heroine of any little stage joke.” this is rather an amusing assertion for a lady who is continually playing stage heroines. her husband, mr. arthur bourchier, however, tells a good story against himself.

“my present servant, or ‘dresser,’ as they are called at the theatre, was one of the original gallery first nighters and a member of the celebrated gaiety gallery boys. of course when he joined me i imagined he had forsaken the auditorium for the stage. one night, however, a play was produced by me, the dress rehearsal of which he had seen, and i noticed that he seemed particularly gloomy and morose at its conclusion. on the first night, when i came back to my dressing-room from the stage, i found the door locked. here was a pretty predicament. it was clear that he had got the key and had mysteriously disappeared. i had the door broken open, for dress i must as time was pressing, and sent[pg 137] another man to search for my missing servant. the sequel is as follows. he was caught red-handed in the gallery among his old associates loudly ‘booing’ his master. arraigned before me, he maintained the firmest attitude possible, and asserted boldly:

“‘no, sir, i am your faithful servant behind the scenes, but as an independent man and honest gallery boy i am bound to express my unbiased opinion either for or against any play which i may happen to see at a first night!’”

mr. hare, like most men, has his hobby, and it is racing: he loves a horse, and he loves a race meeting. in fact, on one occasion report says he nearly missed appearing at the theatre in consequence.

john hare is one of the greatest character-actors of our day. he is a dapper little gentleman, and lives in upper berkeley street, near portman square. his house is most tasteful, and while his handsome wife has had much to say to the decoration, the actor-manager has decided views of his own in these matters. he has a delightful study at the back of the house, round the sides of which low book-cases run, while the walls reflect copper and brass pots, and old blue china. it is here he is at his best, as he sits smoking a cigarette, perched on the high seat in front of the fire.

what an expressive face his is. the fine-chiselled features, the long thin lips are like a catholic priest of ?sthetic tendency; but as the expression changes with lightning speed, and the dark deep-set eyes sparkle or sadden, one realises the actor-spirit.

[pg 138]

evidence of fads may often be seen in an actor’s dressing-room, where the walls are decorated according to the particular taste of its occupant.

cyril maude has a particularly interesting dressing-room at the haymarket theatre. it is veritably a studio, for he has persuaded his artistic friends to do sketches for him on the distempered walls, and a unique little collection they make. phil may, harry furniss, dudley hardy, holman clarke, bernard partridge, raven hill, tom brown, are among the contributors, and leslie ward’s portrait of lord salisbury is one of the finest ever sketched of the late prime minister. it is a quaint and original idea of mr. maude’s, but unfortunately those walls are so precious he will never dare to disturb the grime of ages and have them cleaned.

the st. james’s theatre, as it stands, is very modern, and therefore mr. alexander is the proud possessor of a charming sitting-room with a little dressing-room attached. it is quite near the stage, and has first-floor windows which look out on king street, next door to willis’s rooms, once so famous for their dinners, and still more famous at an earlier date as almack’s, where the beaux and belles of former days disported themselves.

both mr. alexander and his wife are fond of artistic surroundings, and his little room at the theatre is therefore charming. here on matinée days the actor-manager dines, an arrangement which saves him much time and trouble, and his huge dog boris—the famous boarhound which appeared in rupert[pg 139] of hentzau—is his companion, unless mrs. alexander pops in with some little delicacy to cheer him over his solitary meal.

that is one of the drawbacks of the stage, the poor actor generally has to eat alone. he cannot expect ordinary mortals to dine at his hours, and he cannot accommodate himself to theirs. the artist who appears much in public is forced to live much by himself, and his meals are consequently as lonely as those of a great indian potentate.

if we are to follow mr. pinero’s advice we shall all have to eschew dinner and adopt a “high-tea” principle before the play; but as all the audience are not agreed upon the subject there seems to be some difficulty about it.

why not have the evening performance as late as usual on matinée days, to allow the players time to take food and rest, and early on other days to suit those folk who prefer the drama from seven to ten instead of nine to twelve? by this means early comers and late diners would both be satisfied. instead of which, as matters stand in london, the late diners arrive gorged and grumbling half through the first act to disturb every one, and the ’bus and train folk struggle out halfway through the last act, sad and annoyed at having to leave.

most theatrical folk dine at five o’clock. allowing an hour for this meal, they are able to get a little rest before starting for the theatre, which generally has to be reached by seven.

preparing for the stage is a serious matter. all that can be put on beforehand is of course donned.[pg 140] ladies have been known to wear three pairs of stockings, so that a pair might be taken off quickly between each act. then a long time is required to “make up.” for instance in such a part as giovanni malatesta (paolo and francesca), mr. alexander spent an hour each day painting his face and arranging his wig. he did not look pretty from the front, but the saffron of his complexion and the blue of his eyes became absolutely hideous when beheld close at hand. that make-up, however, was really a work of art.

an actor’s day, even in london, is often a heavy one. breakfast between nine and ten is the rule, then a ride or some form of exercise, and the theatre at eleven or twelve for a “call,” namely, a rehearsal. this “call” may go on till two o’clock or later, at which hour light luncheon is allowed; but if the rehearsal be late, and the meal consequently delayed, it is impossible to eat again between five and six, consequently the two meals get merged into one. rehearsals for a new play frequently last a whole month, and during that month the players perform eight times a week in the old piece, and rehearse, or have to attend the theatre nearly all day as well. three months is considered a good run for a play—so, as will be seen, the company scarcely recover from the exertions of one play before they have to commence rehearsing for another, to say nothing of the everlasting rehearsals for charity performances. the actor’s life is necessarily one of routine, and routine tends to become monotonous.

[pg 141]

a well-known actor was a very absent-minded man except about his profession, where habit had drilled him to punctuality. one sunday he was sitting in the garrick club when a friend remarked he was dining at a——.

“god bless me, so am i.”

he rushed home, dressed, and went off to the dinner, during the course of which his neighbour asked him if he were going to the b.’s.

“i’d really forgotten it—but if you are going i’ll go too.”

so he went.

about midnight he got home. his wife was sitting in full evening dress with her gloves and cloak on.

“you are very late,” she said.

“late? i thought it was early. it is only a quarter past twelve.”

“i’ve been waiting for nearly two hours.”

“waiting—what for?”

“why, you arranged to fetch me a little after ten o’clock to go to the b’s.”

“god bless me—i forgot i had a dinner-party, forgot there was a soirée, and forgot i had a wife.”

“and where’s your white tie?” asked his wife stiffly.

“oh dear, i must have forgotten that too! dear, dear, what a man i am away from the stage and my dresser!”

there is a wonderful bonne camaraderie among all people engaged in the theatrical profession.

[pg 142]

theatrical people are as generous to one another in misfortune as the poor. in times of success they are apt to be jealous; but let a comrade fall on evil days, let him be forced to “rest” when he wants to work, and his old colleagues will try and procure him employment, and when work and health fail utterly, they get up a benefit for him. these benefits take much organising; they often entail endless rehearsals and some expense, and yet the profession is ever ready to come forward and help those in need.

people on the stage have warm hearts and generous purses, but to give gracefully requires as much tact as to receive graciously.

it is a curious thing how few actors have died rich men. many have made fortunes, but they have generally contrived to lose them again. money easily made is readily lost. he who buys what he does not want ends in wanting what he cannot buy. style and show begun in flourishing times are hard to relinquish. capital soon runs away when drawn upon because salary has ceased, even temporarily. many an actor, once a rich man, has died poor. kate vaughan, once a wealthy woman, died in penury, and so on ad infinitum.

actors, like other people, have to learn there is no disgrace in being poor—it is merely inconvenient.

theatrical salaries are sometimes enormous, although george edwardes has informed the public that ￡100 a week is the highest he ever gives, because he finds to go beyond that sum does not pay him.

it seems a great deal for a pretty woman, not highly[pg 143] born, nor highly educated, nor highly gifted—merely a pretty woman who has been well drilled by author, stage manager, and conductor, to be able to command ￡100 a week in a comic opera, but after all it is not for long. it is never for fifty-two weeks in the year, and only for a few years at most. beauty fades, flesh increases, the attraction goes, and she is relegated to the shelf, a poorer, wiser woman than before. but meanwhile her scintillating success, the glamour around her, have acted as a bait to induce others to rush upon the stage.

the largest salary ever earned by a man was probably that paid to charles kean, who once had a short engagement at drury lane for ￡50 a night, and on one occasion he made ￡2,000 by a benefit. madame vestris, however, beat him, for she had a long engagement at the haymarket at ￡40 a night, or ￡240 a week, a sum unheard of to-day.

it may be here mentioned that salaries are doled out according to an old and curious custom.

“treasury day” is a great event; theatrical folk never speak of “pay”: it is always “salaries” and “treasury day.” each “house” has its own methods of procedure, but at a great national theatre like drury lane the “chiefs” are paid by cheque, while every friday night the treasurer and his assistants with trays full of “salary” go round the theatre and distribute packets in batches to the endless persons who combine to make a successful performance. the money is sealed up in an envelope which bears the name of the receiver, so no one knows what his[pg 144] neighbour gets. it takes five or six hours for the treasurer and his two assistants to pay off a thousand people at a pantomime, and check each salary paid.

there is no field where that little colt imagination scampers more wildly than in the matter of salaries. for instance, a girl started as “leading lady” in a well-known play on a provincial tour. her name, in letters nearly as big as herself, met her on the hoardings of every town the company visited. she was given the star dressing-room, and a dresser to herself. this all meant extra tips and extra expenses everywhere, for she was the “leading lady”! wonderful notices appeared in all the provincial papers and this girl was the draw. the manager knew that, and advertised her and pushed her forward in every way. all the company thought she began at a salary of ￡10 a week, and rumour said this sum had been doubled after her success. such was the story. now for the truth. she was engaged for the tour at ￡3 a week, and ￡3 a week she received without an additional penny, although the tour of weeks extended into months. she was poor, others were dependent on her, and she dared not throw up that weekly sixty shillings for fear she might lose everything in her endeavour to get more.

this is only one instance: there are many such upon the stage.

“i suppose a—— has given more time to rehearsals this year,” said the wife of a well-known actor, “than any man in london, and yet he has only drawn ten weeks’ salary. everything has turned out badly;[pg 145] so we have had to live for fifty-two weeks on ten weeks’ pay and thirty-four weeks’ work.”

large sums and well-earned salaries have, of course, been made—in fact, sir henry irving was earning about ￡30,000 a year at the beginning of the century, an income very few actor-managers could boast.

among thrifty theatrical folk the bancrofts probably take front rank. marie wilton and her husband amused england for thirty years, and had the good sense always to spend less than they made. the result was that, while still young enough to enjoy their savings they bought a house in berkeley square, retired, and have enjoyed a well-earned rest. more than that, sir squire bancroft stands unique as regards charities. although not wishing to be tied any more to the stage, he does not mind giving an occasional “reading” of dickens’s christmas carol, and he has elected to give his earnings to hospitals and other charities, which are over ￡15,000 the richer for his generosity. could anything be more delightful than for a retired actor to give his talent for the public good?

i was brought up on mrs. bancroft and shakespeare, so to speak. the bancrofts at that time had the haymarket theatre, and their robertson pieces were considered suitable to my early teens by way of amusement, while i was taken to shakespeare’s plays by way of instruction. i remember i thought the robertson comedies far preferable, and should love to see them again.

it is always averred by old playgoers that marie[pg 146] wilton (lady bancroft) was the originator of modern comedy. she and her husband at one time had a little play-house in an unfashionable part of london, to which they attracted society people of that day. the theatre was not then what it is now, the “upper ten” seldom visited the play at that time, and yet the prince of wales’ theatre known as “the dust-hole” drew all fashionable london to the tottenham court road to laugh with marie wilton over robertson’s comedies.

her company consisted of men and women who are actor-managers to-day: people went forth well drilled in their profession, accustomed to expending minute care over details, each in their turn to inculcate the same thoroughness in the next generation. these people numbered john hare, mr. and mrs. kendal (madge robertson was the younger sister of the dramatist), h. j. montague, and arthur cecil. again one finds the best succeeds, and there is always room at the top, hence the bancroft triumph.

one of their innovations was to rope off the front rows of the pit, which then occupied the entire floor of the house, and call them “stalls,” for which they dared ask 6/-apiece. they got it—more were wanted. others were added, and gradually the price rose to 10/6, which is now the charge: but half-guinea stalls, though now universal, are a modern institution.

at a dinner given by the anderson critchetts in 1891 i sat between squire bancroft and g. boughton, r.a. mr. bancroft remarked in the course of conversation that he was just fifty, though he looked[pg 147] much younger. his tall figure was perfectly erect, and his white hair showed up the freshness of his complexion. i asked him if he did not miss acting, the applause, and the excitement of the theatre.

“no,” he replied. “it will be thirty years this september since i first went on the stage, and it is now nearly six since i gave it up. no, i don’t think i should mind much if i never entered a theatre again, either as spectator or actor—and my wife feels the same. my only regret about our theatrical career is that we never visited america, but no dollars would induce mrs. bancroft to cross the sea, so we never went.”

he surprised me by saying that during the latter years of their theatrical life they never took supper, but dined at 6.0 or 6.30 as occasion required, and afterwards usually walked to the theatre. during the performance they had coffee and biscuits, or sometimes, on cold nights, a little soup, and the moment the curtain was down they jumped into their carriage, and were in their own house in cavendish square, where they then lived, by 11.30, and in bed a few minutes later. they were always down to breakfast at 9 o’clock year in year out; an early hour for theatrical folk.

i spoke of the autograph photographs which i had seen in the haymarket green-room.

“how curious,” he said, “that you should mention them to-night. we have always intended to take them away, and only yesterday, after an interval of six years, i gave the order for their removal. this[pg 148] evening as we started for dinner they arrived in berkeley square. a strange coincidence.”

lady bancroft has the merriest laugh imaginable. i used to love to see her act when i was quite a girl, and somehow miss marie tempest reminds me strongly of her to-day. she has the same lively manner.

lady bancroft’s eyes are her great feature—they are deeply set, with long dark lashes, and their merry twinkle is infectious. when she laughs her eyes seem to disappear in one glorious smile, and every one near her joins in her mirth. mrs. bancroft was comparatively a young woman when she retired from the stage, and one of her greatest joys at the time was to feel she was no longer obliged to don the same gown at the same moment every day.

at some theatres a dress rehearsal is a great affair. the term properly speaking means the whole performance given privately right through, without even a repeated scene. the final dress rehearsal, as a rule, is played before a small critical audience, and the piece is expected to run as smoothly as on the first night itself—to be, in fact, a sort of prologue to the first night. this is a dress rehearsal proper, such as is given by sir henry irving, messrs. beerbohm tree, cyril maude, george alexander, or the old savoy company.

before this, however, there are endless “lighting rehearsals,” “scenic rehearsals,” or “costume parades,” all of which are done separately, and with the greatest care. as we saw before, mrs. kendal disapproves of a dress rehearsal, but she is almost alone in her opinion.[pg 149] it is really, therefore, a matter of taste whether the whole performance be gone through in separate portions or whether one final effort be made before the actual first night. as a rule sir henry irving has three dress rehearsals, but the principals only appear in costume at one of them. they took nine weeks to rehearse the operetta the medal and the maid, yet irving put the merchant of venice with all its details on the lyceum stage in twenty-three days.

sir henry strongly objects to the public being present at any rehearsal. “the impression given of an incomplete effort cannot be a fair one,” he says. “it is not fair to the artistes. a play to be complete must pass through one imagination, one intellect must organise and control. in order to attain this end it is necessary to experiment: no one likes to be corrected before strangers, therefore rehearsals—or in other words ‘experiments’—should be made in private. even trained intellect in an outsider should not be admitted, as great work may be temporarily spoiled by some slight mechanical defect.”

in paris rehearsals used to be great institutions. they were opportunities for meeting friends. in the foyers and green-rooms of the theatres, at répètitions générales, every one talked and chatted over the play, the actors, and the probable success or failure. this, however, gradually became a nuisance, and early in this twentieth century both actors and authors struck. they decided that even privileged persons should be excluded from final rehearsals, which are always in[pg 150] costume in paris. as a sort of salve to the offended public, it was agreed that twenty-four strangers should be admitted to the last great dress rehearsal before the actual production of a new piece, hence everybody who is anybody clamours to be there.