rufus’ house was on the way to school for a considerable neighborhood, and within a few minutes after his father had waved for the last time and disappeared, the walks were filled with another exciting thing to look at as the boys and girls who were old enough for school came by. at first he was content to watch them through the front window; they were creatures of an all but unimaginable world; he personally knew nobody who was big enough even for kindergarten. later he felt more kinship with them, more curiosity, great envy, and considerable awe. it did not yet occur to him that he could ever grow up to be one of them, but he began to feel that in any case they were somehow of the same race. he wandered out into the yard, even to the sidewalk, even, at length, to the corner, where he could see them coming from three ways at once. he was fascinated by the way they looked, the boys so powerfully dressed and the girls almost as prettily as if they were going to a party. nearly all of them walked in two’s and three’s, and members of these groups often called to others of the groups. you could see how well they all knew each other; any number of people; a whole world. and they all carried books of different colors and thicknesses, and lunches done up in packages or boxes, and pencils in still other boxes; or carried all these things together in a satchel. he loved the way they carried these things, it seemed to give them wonderful dignity and purpose, to be the mark that set them apart in their privileged world. he particularly admired and envied the way the boys who carried their books in brown canvas straps could swing them, except when they swung them at his head. then he was at the same time frightened and very much surprised, and the boy who had pretended he meant to hit him, and anyone else who saw, would laugh to see that look of fear and surprise on his face, and he felt puzzled and unhappy because they laughed.

but that did not happen often enough to discourage him, and going to the corner at the time they went to school, and at the time they could be expected back again, became quite a habit with him, almost as happy and exciting, in its way, as watching for the first glimpse of his father, late in the afternoon. sometimes when he caught an eye he would even say, “hello,” as much out of embarrassment as eagerness to communicate. of course he was very seldom answered; the boys would merely stare at him for a second or so, with the stare turning hot or more often cold, and the girls, depending on age or disposition, either giggled in a way that made him look quickly away, or pretended that they had not even seen or heard him. but since he did not, after all, expect any answer, it was wonderfully pleasant when, occasionally, a much older boy would smile and say, “hello there”; a few times they even reached out and mussed up his hair. once, too, when he had said hello to some much older girls, one of them cried out in the strange, sticky voice he had heard grown women use, “ooh, just look at the darlin little boy!”

he had felt embarrassed but pleasantly flattered for a moment; then he heard several boys squealing the same words, but insincerely, in fact with a hatred and scorn which appalled him, and he had wished that he could not be seen.

he never learned the names of more than two or three of these boys, for most of them lived several blocks away; but quite a few of them, in time, knew him very well. they would come up, nearly always, with the same question: “what’s your name?” it seemed strange to him that they could not remember his name from one day to the next, for he always told it to them perfectly clearly, but he felt that if they forgot, and asked again, he ought to tell them again, and when he told them, politely, they all laughed. after a while he began to realize that they only asked him, day after day, not because they had really forgotten, but only to tease him. so he became more careful. when they asked, “what’s your name?” he would feel embarrassed and say, “oh, you know my name, you’re only trying to tease me.”

and some of them would snicker, but invariably the boy who had asked it this time would say very seriously and politely, “no, i don’t know your name, you never told me your name,” and he would begin to wonder; had he or hadn’t he.

“yes i did, too,” he would say, “i remember. it was only day before yesterday.”

and again there would be snickering, but the questioner looked even more serious and kind, and one or two of the boys next to him looked equally serious, and he would say, “no, honest. honest, it couldn’t have been me. i don’t know your name.”

and one of the other boys would say, very reasonably, “gee, he wouldn’t ast you if he knowed it already, would he?”

and rufus would say, “aw, you’re just trying to tease me. you all know my name.”

and one of the other boys would say, “i’ve forgot it. i knew it but i’ve plumb forgot it. i’d tell him if i could but i just can’t remember it.”

and he too would look very sincere. and the first questioner would say, almost pleading, and very kind-looking, “come on, tell us your name. maybe you told it to him but he don’t remember. if he could remember he’d tell me, now wouldn’t he? wouldn’t you tell me?”

“sure i’d tell you if i could remember it. wisht you’d tell it to me again.”

and two or three other boys, in similar tones of kindness, respect and concern, would chime in, “aw come on, tell us your name.”

and he was taken aback by all this kindness and concern, for they did not seem to act in that way towards him at any other time, and yet it did seem real. and after thinking a moment he would say, looking cautiously and earnestly, at the boy who had forgotten, “do you promise you really honestly forgot?”

and looking back just as earnestly the boy said, “cross my heart and body,” and did so.

then there was a snicker again from somebody, and rufus realized that some of them were undoubtedly teasing; but he felt that he did not much mind, if these central boys were not. so he paid no attention to the snickering and said to every one of the kind-looking, serious boys, “you promise you honestly aren’t teasing this time?” and they promised. then he said, “if i tell you this time will you promise to do your very best to remember, and not ask me again?” and they said that they sure would, they crossed their hearts and bodies. at the last moment, just as he was beginning to tell them, he always felt such sudden, profound doubt of their sincerity that he did not want to go ahead, but he always felt, too, maybe they mean it. i f they do, it would be mean not to tell them. so he always told them. “well,” he always said rather doubtfully, and brought out his name in a peculiarly muffled and shy way (he had come almost to feel that the name itself was being physically hurt, and he did not want it to be hurt again) “well, it’s rufus.”

and the instant it was out of his mouth he knew that he had been mistaken once again, that not a single soul of them had meant one thing that he had said, for with that instant every one of them screamed as loudly as he could with a ferocious kind of joy, and it was as if the whole knot exploded and sent its fragments tearing all over the neighborhood, screaming his name with amusement and apparently with some kind of contempt; and many of them screamed, as well, a verse which they seemed to think very funny, though rufus could not understand why.

uh-rufus, uh-rastus, uh-johnson, uh-brown,

uh-what ya gonna do when the rent comes roun?

and others yelled, “nigger’s name, nigger’s name,” and chanted a verse that he had often heard them yell after the backs of colored children and even grown-up colored people,

nigger, nigger, black as tar,

tried to ride a lectric car,

car broke down and broke his back

poor nigger wanted his nickel back.

three or four, instead of running, stood screaming his name and these verses at him, and the word, “nigger,” jumping up and down and shoving their fingers at his chest and stomach and face while he stood in abashment, and followed by these, he would walk unhappily home.

it puzzled him very deeply. if they knew his name all the time, as apparently they did, then why did they keep on asking as if they had never heard it, or as if they couldn’t remember it? it was just to tease. but why did they want to tease? why did they get such fun out of it? why was it so much fun, to pretend to be so nice and so really interested, to pretend it so well that somebody else believed you in spite of himself, just so that he would show that he was deceived once again, because if you honestly did mean it, this time, he didn’t want to not tell you when you honestly seemed to want so much to know. why was it that when some of them were asking him, and others were backing them up or just looking on, there was some kind of a strange, tight force in the air all around them that made them all seem very much together and that made him feel very much alone and very eager to be liked by them, together with them? why did he keep on believing them? it happened over and over and he could not think of a single time that they had looked so interested, and friendly, and kind, but what it had turned out that they didn’t really mean one bit of it. the ones who were really nice, the ones who never deceived him or teased him, were a few of the much bigger boys, who were never so attentive or kind as this, but just said, “hello, there,” and smiled as they went by, or maybe mussed up his hair or gave him a little punch, not to hurt or scare him, but only in play. they were very different from these, they never paid him such close attention or looked so affectionate, but they were the nice ones and these were mean to him, every time. but every time, it was the same. when they started he was always absolutely sure they were teasing, and he was always absolutely sure that this time, he would not give in to them; but every time, as they kept talking, he became less sure. at the same time that he became less sure, he became more sure, but that confused and troubled him, and the more sure he was that all this apparent kindness was merely deception and meanness, the more eagerly he studied their faces in the hope that this time they really meant it. the less he believed them, the more he was led to believe them, and the easier it was for him to believe them. the more alone he felt, the more he wanted to feel that he was not alone, but one of them. and every time he finally gave in, he became a little more sure, just before he gave in, that he would not take this chance again. and every time he finally spoke his name, he spoke it a little more shyly, a little more in shame, until he began to feel some kind of shame about the name itself. the way they all screamed it at him, and screamed that rhyme they all laughed at, the more he came to feel that there must be something wrong with the name itself, so that even at home sometimes, even when mama said it, if he heard it without expecting it, he felt some kind of obscure, wincing shock and shame. but when he asked her if rufus was really a nigger’s name, and why that made everybody laugh at it, she turned to him sharply and said to him in a sharp voice, as if she were accusing him of something, “who told you that?”, and he had answered, in fear, that he did not know who, and she had said, “don’t you just pay any attention to them. it’s a very fine old name. some colored people take it too, but that is perfectly all right and nothing for them to be ashamed of or for white people to be ashamed of who take it. you were given that name because it was your great-grandfather lynch’s name, and it’s a name to be proud of. and rufus: don’t ever speak that word ‘nigger’.”

but he had felt that although maybe she was proud of the name, he was not. how could you be proud of a name that everybody laughed at? once when they were less noisy, and one of them said to him, quietly, “that’s a nigger’s name,” he had tried to feel proud and had said, “it is not either, it’s a very fine old name and i got it from my great-granpa lynch,” they yelled, “then your granpa’s a nigger too,” and ran off down the street yelling, “rufus is a nigger, rufus’ granpa’s a nigger, he’s a ning-ger, he’s a nin-ger,” and he had yelled after them, “he is not, either, it’s my great-granpa and he is not!”; but after that they sometimes opened a conversation by asking, “how’s your nigger grandpaw?” and he had to try to explain all over again that it was his great-grandpa and he was not colored, but they never seemed to pay any attention.

he could not understand what amused them so much about this game, or why they should pretend to be all kindness and interest for the sake of deceiving him into doing something still again that he knew they knew better than to do, but it gradually became clear to him that no matter how much they pretended good, they always meant meanness, and that the only way to guard against this was never to believe them, and never to do what they asked him to. and so in time he found that no matter how nice they asked, he was not deceived by them and would not tell them his name, and this made him feel much better, except that now they seemed to have much less interest in him. he did not want them to go by without even looking at him, or just saying something mean or sneering as they passed, pretending so successfully that they meant to hit him with their books, that he had to duck; he only wanted them not to tease and fool him; he only wanted them to be nice to him and like him. and so he remained very ready to do whatever seemed necessary to be liked, except that one thing, telling his name, which was clearly not ever a good thing to do. and so, as long as they didn’t ask him his name (and they soon knew that this joke was no good any more), he continued to hope against hope that in every other way, they were not trying to tease or fool him. now they would come up to him looking quite serious, the older boys, and say, as if it were a very serious question,

rufus rastus johnson brown

what you gonna do when the rent comes roun?

he always felt that they were still teasing him about his name, when they said that; there was something about the word “rastus” that they said in such a tone that he knew they disliked both names and held both in contempt, and he could not understand why they gave him so many names when only one was really his and his last name was really follet. but at least they knew what his name was now, even if most of them pronounced it “roofeass”; at least they weren’t pretending they didn’t know; it wasn’t as bad as that. besides, what they were really doing was asking him a question, “what you gonna do when the rent comes roun?” though they asked it every time and it seemed a nonsensical question. they seemed to really want to know, and if he could answer them, then he could really tell them something they really didn’t know and then maybe they would really like him and not tease him. yet he realized that this too must be teasing. they did not really want to know. how could they, when the question had no meaning? what was the rent? what did it look like when it came roun? it probably looked very mean or maybe it looked nice but was mean when you got to know it. and what would you do when it came roun? what could you do if you didn’t even know what it was? or if it was just something they made up, that wasn’t really alive, just a story? he wanted to ask what the rent was, but he suspected that that was exactly what they wanted him to ask, and that if or when he asked it, it would turn out that the whole thing was a trap of some kind, a joke, and that he had done something shameful or ridiculous in asking. so that was one thing he was now wise enough never to do: he never asked what the rent was, and this was one of the things he felt sure that somehow he had better not ask his mother or his father, either. so when they came up to him now, he always knew they were going to ask this foolish question, and when they asked it he felt stubborn and shy, determined not to ask what the rent was; and once they had asked it, and stood looking at him with a curious, cold look as if they were hungry, he looked back at them until he felt too embarrassed, and saw them start to smile in a way that might be mean or might possibly be friendly, and on the possibility that they were friendly, smiled unsurely too, and looked down at the pavement, and muttered, “i don’t know”; which seemed to amuse them almost as much as when he had told what his name was, though not so loudly; and then sometimes he would walk away from them, and after a while he learned that he should not answer this question any more than he should answer the question about his name.

when he walked away, or when he refused to answer, he always realized that in some way he had defeated them, but he also always felt disconsolate and lonely, and sometimes because of this he would turn around after he had gone a little way, and look and they would come up and go round him again, and other times, when he kept on walking away, he felt even more lonely and unhappy, so much so that he went down between the houses into the back yard and stayed for a while because he felt uneasy about being seen, yet, by his mother. he began to anticipate going out to the corner with as much unhappiness as hope, and sometimes he did not go at all; but when he went again, after not going at all, he was asked where he had been and why he had not been there the day before, and he had not known what to answer, and had been much encouraged because they spoke in such a way that they really seemed to care where he had been. and within the next days things did seem to change. the older and more perceptive of the boys realized that the shape of the game had shifted and that if they were to count on him to be there, and to be such a fool as always before, they had to act much more friendly; and the more stupid boys, seeing how well this worked, imitated them as well as they could. rufus quickly came to suspect the more flagrant exaggerations of friendliness, but the subtler boys found, to their intense delight, that if only they varied the surface, the bait, from time to time, they would almost always deceive him. he was ever so ready to oblige. how it got started none of them remembered or cared, but they all knew that if they kept at him enough he would sing them his song, and be fool enough to think they actually liked it. they would say, “sing us a song, roofeass,” and he would look as if he knew they were teasing him and say, “oh, you don’t want to hear it.”

and they would say that they sure did want to hear it, it was a real pretty song, better than they could sing, and they liked the way he danced when he sang it, too. and since they had very early learned to take pains to listen to the song with apparent respect and friendliness, he was very soon and easily persuaded. and so, feeling odd and foolish not because he felt they were really deceiving him or laughing at him, but only because with each public repetition of it he felt more silly, and less sure that it was really as pretty and enjoyable as he liked to think it was, he would give them one last anxious look, which always particularly tickled them, and would then raise his arms and turn round and round, singing,

i’m a little busy bee, busy bee, busy bee,

i’m a little busy bee, singing in the clover.

as he sang and danced he could hear through his own verses a few obscure, incredulous cackles, but nearly all of the faces which whirled past him, those of the older boys, were restrained, attentive and smiling, and this made up for the contempt he saw on the faces of the middle-sized boys; and when he had finished, and was catching his breath, these older boys would clap their hands in real approval, and say, “that’s an awful pretty song, rufus, where did you learn that song?”

and again he would suspect some meanness behind it and so would refuse to say until they had coaxed him sufficiently and then out it came, “my mama”; and at that point some of the smaller boys were liable to spoil everything by yelling and laughing, but often even if they did, the older boys could save it all by sternly crying, “you shut up! don’t you know a pretty song when you hear it?” and by turning to him, with faces which shut out those boys and included him among the big boys, and saying, “don’t you care about them, rufus, they’re just ignorant and don’t know nothing. you sing your song.” and another would chime in, “yeah, rufus, sing it again. gee, that’s a pretty song”; and a third would say, “and don’t forget to dance”; and for this reduced but select audience he would do the whole thing over again.

at that point someone usually said, abruptly, “come on, we got to go,” and as suddenly as if a chair had been pulled from under him, he would be left by himself; they hardly even clapped their hands before they walked away. but some of the boys with the nicest faces always took care, before they left, to tell him, “gee, thanks, rufus, that was mighty pretty,” and to say, don’t you forget, you be here tomorrow”; and this more than made up for the thing which never failed to perplex him. why did they walk off, so suddenly as all that? why did they all keep looking back and laughing in that queer way; subdued talk, their heads close together, and then those sudden whoops of laughter? it almost seemed as if they were laughing at him. and once when one of the bigger boys suddenly flung up his arms and whirled into the street, piping in a high, squeaky voice, “i’m a little busy bee,” he was quite sure that they had not really liked the song, or him for singing it. but if they didn’t, then why did they ask him to sing it? and then once he heard one of them, far down the block, squeak, “my mama,” and he felt as if something went straight through his stomach, and they all laughed, and he was practically certain that to those boys at least, the whole thing was just some kind of mean joke. but then he remembered how nice the boys he liked best and trusted most had been, and he knew that anyway the boys he liked best were not in any way trying to tease him.

after a while, however, he began to wonder even about them. maybe their being so extra nice just their way of getting him to do things he would never do if they were only nice part of the time and then laughed at him. yet if they were nice all the time, it must be because they honestly meant it. and yet the way some of the others laughed, what he was doing must be wrong or silly somehow. he would be much more careful. he would be careful not to do anything or say anything anybody asked him to, unless he was sure they were really nice and really meant it. he now watched even the boys - he liked best with very particular caution, and they saw that unless they were much more shrewd the game was likely to be spoiled again. they began to promise him rewards, a stick of chewing gum, the stub of a pencil, chalk, a piece of candy, and this seemed to convince him. the less shrewd of the boys often did not give him the promised reward, and this of course was more fun, but the smarter ones were always consistent, so that he never refused them. it was all so easy, in fact, that it began to bore them. they began to appreciate the tricks the more stupid boys played, one getting down behind him while he danced and another pushing him over backwards, but they were intelligent enough never to take part in this, always to pretend thorough disapproval, always to help him to his feet and brush him off and console him if he had struck his head hard and was crying, and always to conceal their astonished delight at his utter bewilderment and gullibility and their astonished contempt at his complete lack of spirit to strike out against his tormentors, his lack of ability, even, for real solid anger. and because they were always there, and always seemed to be on his side, they could always keep him sufficiently deceived to come back for more than anyone in his right senses would come back for.

the oldest of them began to be obscurely ashamed, as well as bored. they were all much older and smarter than he was; even the youngest of the boys who went to school were enough older than he was that it seemed no wonder that he was continually fooled, and that he never fought back. they felt that this little song, for instance, was too sissy to be fun for much longer. they felt that more violent things should be done. but they themselves could not do such things. if they showed him they were not on his side, the fun would all be over. and even if it were not, they knew that it would be unfair of them to do the really violent things, which absolutely required violence in return, to anyone so much younger and smaller, no matter how big a fool he was. besides, they had received more than enough hints that even if he were driven to fight, he would not have the nerve to, probably wouldn’t even know he had to. they were curious to see what would happen. they left the game wider and wider open to the smaller, crueler and more simple boys. but it was no good. he would just look at them with surprise, pain and reproach, and get up and walk away; and if any of these older, normally friendly boys consoled him too closely, he would burst into sobs which disgusted as well as delighted them.

at length they found the right formula. they would put some boys as small as he was, up to some trick which nobody bigger would have any right to do.