when jay found how things were at the farm, he was angry at having been so grieved and alarmed; before long, he felt it had all happened very much as he had suspected. ralph had just lost his head, as usual. now he was very much ashamed of himself, though still very defensive, and everyone, including jay, tried to assure him that he had done the right thing. jay could imagine how much ralph had needed to feel useful, to take charge. he couldn’t think very well of him, but he was sorry for him. he felt he understood very well how it had happened.

actually, he understood only a little about it, and ralph understood very little more.

late in the evening before, their father had suffered a much more severe and painful attack than any up to then. after no more than a few minutes, his wife had realized its terrible gravity, and had woken thomas oaks. thomas had hurried across the hill and roused up jessie and george bailey and, without waiting for them, had hurried back, saddled the horse, and whipped it as fast as it would go, into lafollette. the doctor was out on a call; he left a message, and hurried on to ralph’s. ralph was in a virtual panic of aroused responsibility the instant he heard the news. he asked if the doctor was there yet. thomas told him; ralph realized that his mother had told thomas to rush out the doctor even before he called her son to her side. he put it aside as an ungenerous and mean-spirited thought, yet it stayed, hurting him like a burr. he felt it was no time for resentments, though; not only he, but sally as well, must come to their help, must be there (sally’d never forgive me if she wasn’t) if paw was to die (she’d be the only wife there, of the only son; his mother would never forget that). he rushed back and told her what was happening as he hurried into his clothes, hurried two doors away, banged loudly on the felts’s door, and apologized for the banging by explaining (his voice was already damp) that his paw was at death’s door if not already passed on, and he wouldn’t have roused them only he knew they would be only too willing to help out so sally could go too. they were very kind to him; mrs. felts arrived before sally had finished fixing her hair. while she was doing so, ralph sped across the street to his office, unlocked his desk, and took two choking swallows of whiskey in the dark. he rammed the bottle into his pocket and hurried down to start his car. they had been so quick that they overtook thomas on his horse when he had scarcely passed the edge of town, going, as ralph said to himself, his eyes low and cold above the steering wheel, “like sixty,” or anyhow as fast as it was safe to travel on these awful roads, perhaps a little faster, thinking of barney oldfield, in the chalmers he had chosen because it was a better class of auto and a more expensive one than his brother’s, a machine people made no smart jokes about. his first impulse, when he saw the horse and rider ahead, was to honk, both in self-advertisement, warning and greeting, but he remembered in time the seriousness of the occasion and did not do so, reflecting, after it was too late, that thomas might feel he was snubbed, as if he had passed him in the street without speaking, and he was angry with thomas for possibly having any such feeling about such petty matters, at such a time.

there were nearly two hours of helpless anguish and fright before the doctor arrived. during that time it is possible that ralph suffered more acutely than anyone else. for besides suffering, or believing that he suffered, all the pains that his father must be experiencing, and all of his mother’s grief and anxiety, and all of the smaller emotions of all the smaller people who were present, he suffered deep humiliation. when he rushed in and swept his mother into his arms he felt that his voice and his whole manner were all that they ought to be; that he showed himself to be a man who, despite his own boundless grief, was capable also of boundless strength to sustain others in their grief, and to take complete charge of all that needed to be done. but even in that first embrace he could see that his mother was only by an effort concealing her desire to draw away from him. he came near her over and over again, hugging her, sobbing over her, fondling her, telling her that she must be brave, telling her she must not try to be brave, to lean on him, and cry her heart out, for naturally at such a time she would want to feel her sons close around her; but every time, he felt that same patient stiffening and her voice perplexed him. everyone in the room, even ralph in the long run, knew that he was only making things harder for her; only his mother realized that he was beseeching comfort rather than bringing it. she was not in the least angry with him; she was sorry for him and wished that she could be of more help to him, but her mind was not on him, her heart was not with him, and his sobs and the stench of his breath made her a little sick at her stomach. what perplexed him in her voice was its remoteness. he began to realize that he was bringing her no comfort, that she was not leaning on him, that just as he had always feared, she did not really love him. he redoubled his efforts to soothe her and to be strong for her. the harder he tried, the more remote her voice became. at the end of a half hour her face was no less desperate than it had been when he first saw her. and he began to feel that everyone else was watching him, and knew he was no use, and that his mother did not love him. the women watched him one way, the men watched him another. he felt that his wife was thinking ill of him, that she was not even sorry for him; he felt slobbering and fat, the way she looked at him and suddenly with terrible hatred was sure that she would prefer to sleep with flat-bellied men—what man? any man, so long as his belly don’t get in the way. as for jessie, he knew she had always hated him, as much as he hated her. and george bailey just sitting there looking serious and barrel-chested and always being careful to look away when their eyes met: george thought he was twice the man that ralph was and twice as good right at this time, better with his in-laws than ralph could be with his own flesh and blood; and they all knew that george was twice the man and were just trying not to say it or think it even, or let ralph know they thought it. and even thomas oaks, an ignorant hand, who couldn’t even read or write, just setting there with his ropy hands hung between his knees, staring down at a knot in the floor with those washed-out blue eyes, even tom was more of a man and more good use too. when tom got up and said if there wasn’t nothing he could do he reckoned he would get on up to the loft, but if there was anything, they would just let him know, ralph understood it. he knew tom might be ignorant but he wasn’t so ignorant but he knew when it was best to leave a family to itself; and when ralph’s mother said, “all right, tom,” ralph heard more life and kindness, and more gratefulness in her voice, than in every word she’d said to him, the whole night; and as he watched tom climb the ladder, heavily and quietly, rung by rung, he thought: there goes more of a man than i am, he knows how to take himself out of the way, and he thought: he’s doing a power more good by going than i can by staying, and he thought: every soul in this room wishes it was me that was going, instead of him, and he called, in a voice which sounded unfriendly, though he had meant to make it sound friendly to everyone except tom, “that’s right, tom, get ye some sleep”; and tom pulled his head back through the ceiling and looked down at him with those empty blue eyes and said, “that’s all right, mr. ralph,” and suddenly ralph realized that he had no intention of sleeping and would be there alone, not sleeping a wink, just ready in case he was needed; and that tom had seen his malice, his desire to belittle him, and had belittled him instead, before his mother and his wife and his dying father. “that’s all right, mr. ralph.” what’s all right? what’s all right? he wanted to yell it at him, “what’s all right, you poor-white-trash son-of-a-bitch?” but he restrained himself.

every time he felt their eyes on him especially strongly he went over to his mother again and hugged her, and held her head tightly against him, and tried to say things that would make her cry, and every time, her voice was a little bit further away from him and her face looked a little older and dryer, and every time, he was still more acutely aware of their eyes on him and of the thoughts behind their eyes, and every time, he would swing away from his mother as if he could bear to leave her uncomforted for a moment only because there were still more important things to do, matters of life and death, which he and only he, the son, the man of the family, now that poor paw lay there so near to death, could handle. and every time, there was nothing whatever to do except wait for the doctor. they had already given the medicine the doctor had given them to give, and they had already given him so much of the ginseng tea the doctor had said wouldn’t anyhow do any harm, that ralph’s mother decided they shouldn’t give any more of it. his head was low; his feet were braced against hot stones wrapped in flannel, and mother kept everyone except herself at the far, lighted end of the room, except for short visits. there was nothing to do, nothing to take charge of, and every time ralph swung about from his mother with an air of heroic authority and rediscovered this fact, he felt as if a chair had been pulled out from under him, in front of everybody, and he began to think that he would burn up and die if he didn’t have another drink. he said, “scuse me,” once in the choked and modest tone which should signify to the women that he had to empty his bladder, and he got a good, hard swig that time, and found when he came back in that he didn’t care whether they were looking at him or not, or guessed what he really went out for; for two cents he’d take out the bottle and wave it at them. sooner than it was possible to use that excuse again, he became even more thirsty than before. at the same time he first realized that he was drunk. he was bitterly ashamed of himself, drunk at this time, at his father’s very deathbed, when his mother needed him so bad as never before, and when he knew, for he had learned by now to take people’s word for it, that he was really good for nothing when he was drunk. and then to feel so thirsty on top of that. he braced himself with all the sternness and strength he was capable of. by god, he told himself, you’ll pull yourself together. by god, or ... by god, you will. you will. and he got up abruptly and walked straight through them into the dark, and splashed his face and neck with water. he realized then that he could take another, now. just a little one. to brace him. he cursed himself and splashed his face again, and dried carefully with his handkerchief before he came back in. he realized that to everyone else in the room, those two silences meant two more drinks. he made a cynical grimace. by god, he knew better! he felt as if he had great physical strength, and in his feeling of strength his thirst was merely like the bite under a punch bar, a pleasure to feel and to brace against. but within a short while the thirst returned even more fiercely as irresistible pain. no, by god, he said again to himself. but he began to wonder. if they thought he’d had one anyhow—two in fact—why in a way he owed himself a couple. three, for that matter: a third, because he knew they mistook that cynical face he had made for a drunken shamelessness. after all, it wasn’t he who didn’t want to be drunk. he was being careful for their sake. and by god, if he was going to get blamed for it anyhow, what was the good of that. besides, when he really took care he knew he could hold his liquor good as the next man. he’d show them. but it wasn’t so easy, figuring how to get out. can’t go out to pee so soon. nor dipper of water. he felt a sudden terrible excess of shame. no, by god, he wouldn’t sit there scheming himself a shot over his own dying father, and his mother looking on at him, knowing his mind, not saying a word. by god, he wouldn’t! he set himself to put everything out of his mind except his father, not as he had ever feared him, or wished he approved of him, or wished he was dead, but as he lay there now, old and broken, cast aside near the end of the trail, yes sir, the embers fading; and within a short while he was sobbing, and talking of his father through his sobs, and within a short while more he began to realize that he had found his way out. his struggles against this temptation, his iterations of “i’m no good,” and, “i’m the son he set least store by, but i’m the one that cares for him the most,” and the voices of the women, soothing him, trying to quiet him, only added to his tears, the richness of his emotions, and his verbosity, and before long he had realized that this too was useful, and was using it. toward the end all genuine emotion left him and he had to scrape, tickle and torture himself into sufficient feeling and sufficient evidence of an impending breakdown he would inflict on nobody, but at length he felt he had achieved the proper moment, and rushed headlong from the room, all but upsetting his wife in her rocking chair. the instant he was outside he felt nothing in the world except the ferocity of his thirst. he leaned against the cabin wall, uncorked the bottle, wrapped his mouth over its mouth as ravenously as a famished baby takes the nipple, and tilted straight up.

nnhhhh; with a sobbing groan he struck his temple against the side of the house so violently that he could scarcely keep his feet, flung the bottle as far from him as he was able. “oh, god! god! god! god!” he moaned, the tears itching on his cheeks. fool! fool! fool! why hadn’t he made sure before he left the office? there couldn’t have been more than a half a dram left.

he dabbed at his head with his handkerchief and stole leaning into the path of the lamplight. blood, all right. he felt sick at his stomach. he dabbed again. not much. he dabbed again; again. not running, anyhow. he took a deep breath and went back into the room.

“stumbled,” he said. “tain’t nothin.”

but even so, sally came over, and his mother came over, and they both looked carefully, pretending that it was perfectly natural to stumble in a flat clay dooryard, and when they agreed that it was a mean lump but needed no further attention, he felt, suddenly, sad, and as little as a child, and he wished he were.

his rage and despair and the shock of the blow had so quieted and sobered him that now he was beyond even self-hatred. he felt gentle and clear. the sadness grew and became all but insupportable, and for the first time that evening, one of the few times id his life, he began to see things more or less as they were. yes, over on that bed beyond the carefully shaded lamp, moaning occasionally, his breathing so shaken and irregular that it was as if sorrow disordered it rather than death, his father, his own father, was indeed coming near his last hour; and his mother, his own mother, sat there as quiet and patient, and so strong. there was not likely anyone in the world enough stronger that she could find comforting him. and he? yes, he was here, for what little good that was, and he was the only son who was here. but there was no special virtue in that; he was the only son who lived near enough at hand. and he lived so near at hand because he had no courage, no intelligence, no energy, no independence. that was really it: no independence. he always needed to be near. he always needed to feel their support, their company, very near him. he always lived almost from day to day in the hope that by staying near, by always being on hand if he was needed, by always showing how much he loved them, he might at last be sure he had won their approval, their respect. he did not believe, he couldn’t remember, one sober breath he had ever drawn, that he had drawn as if in his own right, feeling, i don’t care what anybody thinks of me, this is myself and this is how i do it. everything he did, every tone his voice took, was controlled by his idea of what would make the best impression on others. he was worse a slave to that, to his dread for other people’s opinion of him, than any nigger had ever been a slave. and his meanness and recklessness when he was drunk enough, he knew that was no good, no good at all. it wasn’t even real. it was just the way he wished he was, and it wasn’t even that, for what he wished was not to be reckless, but brave, a very different thing, and not to be mean but proud, a different thing too. and what was the worst of it? why, the worst of it was, that once in a great while he could see himself for what he really was, and almost believe that now that he saw himself so clearly, he could change, all it took was clearness of head, and patience, and courage; and at the same time he had to know that nothing that was in him to do about it could ever be done; that he would never change, except for the worse; that he had no kind of clearness of head, or patience, or courage, that would last beyond the little it took (and even that was enough to make him shiver all over), to just be able, once in ever so long a time, to sit and look at himself for what he really was. he was just weak: he saw that, clear enough. just no good. he saw that. just incomplete some way, like a chicken that comes out of the shell with a wry neck and grows on up like that. like his own poor little jim-wilson, that already showed the weakness, with his poor little washed-out eyes, his clinging to sally, his terror of his father when his father was drunk or even teased him, his readiness to cry. i ought not ever to have fathered children, ralph thought. i ought not ever to have been born.

and looking at himself now, he neither despised himself nor felt pity for himself, nor blamed others for whatever they might feel about him. he knew that they probably didn’t think the incredibly mean, contemptuous things of him that he was apt to imagine they did. he knew that he couldn’t ever really know what they thought, that his extreme quickness to think that he knew was just another of his dreams. he was sure, though, that whatever they might think, it couldn’t be very good, because there wasn’t any very good thing to think of. but he felt that whatever they thought, they were just, as he was almost never just. he knew he was wrong about his mother. he had no doubt whatever, just now, that she really did love him, had never stopped loving him, and never would. he knew even that she was especially gentle to him, that she loved him in a way she loved nobody else. and he knew why he so often felt that she did not really love him. it was because she was so sorry for him, and because she had never had and never possibly could have, any respect for him. and it was respect he needed, infinitely more than love. just not to haft to worry about whether people respect you. not ever to have to feel that people are being nice to you because they are sorry for you, or afraid of you. he looked at sally. poor girl. afraid of me. that’s sally. and it is all my own fault. every bit mine. and i hate her for wanting other men, when i know that unfaithfulness never once came into her head, and when i’m the worst tail-chaser in lafollette and half of the town knows it, and sally knows it too, and is too gentle-hearted and too scared ever to reproach me with it. and sure i ought to be able to do something about that, at least about that. any man could. only i’m no man. so how can i expect that people can ever look up to me, or at least not look down on me? people are fair to me and more than fair. more than fair, if ever they knew me for what i really am.

and here tonight it comes like a test, like a trial, one of the times in a man’s life when he is needed, and can be some good, just by being a man. but i’m not a man. i’m a baby. ralph is the baby. ralph is the baby.