mr. cumming thus describes the giraffe. these gigantic and exquisitely beautiful animals, which are admirably formed by nature to adorn the fair forests that clothe the boundless plains of the interior, are widely distributed throughout the interior of southern africa, but are nowhere to be met with in great numbers. in countries unmolested by the intrusive foot of man, the giraffe is found generally in herds varying from twelve to sixteen; but i have not unfrequently met with herds containing thirty individuals, and on one occasion i counted forty together; this, however, was owing to chance, and about sixteen may be reckoned as the average number of a herd. these herds are composed of giraffes of various sizes, from the young giraffe of nine or ten feet in height, to the dark chestnut-colored old bull of the herd, whose exalted head towers above his companions, generally attaining a height of upwards of eighteen feet. the females are of lower stature and more delicately formed than the males, their height averaging from sixteen to seventeen feet.

some writers have discovered ugliness and a want of grace in the giraffe, but i consider that he is one of the most strikingly beautiful animals in the creation; and when a herd of them is seen scattered through a grove of the picturesque parasol-topped acacias which adorn their native plains, and on whose uppermost shoots they are enabled to browse by the colossal height with which nature has so admirably endowed them, he must indeed be slow of conception who fails to discover both grace and dignity in all their movements.

on the 24th, at the dawn of day, we inspanned, and trekked about five hours in a northeasterly course, through a boundless open country, sparingly adorned with dwarfish old tree. in the distance the long-sought mountains of bamangwato at length loomed blue before me. we halted beside a glorious fountain, which at once made me forget all the cares and difficulties i had encountered in reaching it.

the name of this fountain was massouey, but i at once christened it "the elephant's own fountain." this was a very remarkable spot on the southern borders of endless elephant forests, at which i had at length arrived. the fountain was deep and strong, situated in a hollow at the eastern extremity of an extensive vley, and its margin was surrounded by a level stratum of solid old red sandstone. here and there lay a thick layer of soil upon a rock, and this was packed flat with the fresh spoors of elephants. around the water's edge the very rock was worn down by the gigantic feet which for ages had trodden there.

the soil of the surrounding country was white and yellow sand, but grass, trees, and bushes were abundant. from the borders of the fountain a hundred well-trodden elephant foot-paths led away in every direction, like the radii of a circle. the breadth of the paths was about three feet; those leading to the northward and east was most frequented, the country in those directions being well wooded.

we drew up the wagons on a hillock on the eastern side of the water. this position commanded a good view of any game that might approach to drink. i had just cooked my breakfast, and commenced to feed when i heard my men exclaim, "almatig keek de ghroote clomp cameel;" and raising my eyes from my sassayby stew, i beheld a truly beautiful and very unusual scene. from the margin of the fountain there extended an open level vley, without tree or bush, that stretched away about a mile to the northward, where it was bounded by extensive grooves of wide-spreading mimosas. up the middle of this vley stalked a troop of ten colossal giraffes, flanked by two large herds of blue wildebeests and zebras, with an advance guard of pallahs. they were all coming to the fountain to drink, and would be within rifle-shot of the wagons before i could finish my breakfast. i, however, continued to swallow my food with the utmost expedition, having directed my men to catch and saddle colesberg.

in a few minutes the giraffes were slowly advancing within two hundred yards, stretching their graceful necks, and gazing in wonder at the unwonted wagons. grasping my rifle, i now mounted colesberg, and rode slowly toward them. they continued gazing at the wagons until i was within one hundred yards of them, when, whisking their long tails over their rumps, they made off at an easy canter. as i pressed upon them they increased their pace; but colesberg had much the speed of them, and before we had proceeded half a mile i was riding by the shoulder of the dark chestnut old bull, whose head towered above the rest. letting fly at the gallop, i wounded him behind the shoulder; soon after which i broke him from the herd, and presently going ahead of him, he came to a stand. i then gave him a second bullet, somewhere near the first. these two shots had taken effect, and he was now in my power, but i would not lay him low so far from camp; so having waited until he had regained his breath i drove him half way back toward the wagons. here he became obstreperous; so loading one barrel, and pointing my rifle toward the clouds, i shot him in the throat, when, rearing high, he fell backward and expired.

this was a magnificent specimen of the giraffe, measuring upwards of eighteen feet in height. i stood for nearly half an hour engrossed in the contemplation of his extreme beauty and gigantic proportions; and if there had been no elephants, i could have exclaimed, like duke alexander of gordon, when he killed the famous old stag with seventeen tine, "now i can die happy." but i longed for an encounter with the noble elephants, and i thought little more of the giraffe than if i had killed a gemsbok or an eland.

there are various modes of capturing giraffes. the americans, who seek them for their menageries, have the mexican lasso, a long cord which is thrown over the animal's head; and by casting him to the ground and surrounding him by a large force of hunters, he is then captured without difficulty.

mr. cumming thus notices the pitfalls used by the natives of africa for taking the giraffe and other animals:—starvation was written in the faces of these inhabitants of the forest. in their miserable villages were a few small gardens, containing watermelons and a little corn. occasionally they have the luck to capture some large animal in a pitfall, when for a season they live in plenty. but as they do not possess salt, the flesh soon spoils, when they are compelled once more to roam the forests in quest of fruits and roots, on which, along with locusts, they in a great measure subsist. in districts where game is abundant, they often construct their pits on a large scale, and erect hedges in the form of a crescent, extending to nearly a mile on either side of the pit. by this means, the game may easily be driven into the pitfalls which are easily covered over with thin sticks and dry grass; and thus whole herds of zebras and wildebeests are massacred at once, which capture is followed by the most disgusting banquets, the poor starving savages gorging and surfeiting in a manner worthy only of the vulture or hyæna. they possess no cattle, and, if they did, the nearest chief would immediately rob them. all parts of the country abounded with pitfalls made by these and others of the bakalahari. many of these had been dug expressly for the giraffe, and were generally three feet wide, and ten long; their depth was from nine to ten feet. they were placed in the path of the giraffe, and in the vicinity of several of these we detected the bones of giraffes, indicating the success that had attended their formation.