the journey itself, however, was not to be dreaded, although it was so undesired. it was entirely by rail across new mexico and kansas, to st. joseph, then up the missouri river and then across the state to the westward. finally, after four or five days, we reached the small frontier town of valentine, in the very northwest corner of the bleak and desolate state of nebraska. the post of niobrara was four miles away, on the niobrara (swift water) river.

some officers of the ninth cavalry met us at the station with the post ambulances. there were six companies of our regiment, with headquarters and band.

it was november, and the drive across the rolling prairie-land gave us a fair glimpse of the country around. we crossed the old bridge over the niobrara river, and entered the post. the snow lay already on the brown and barren hills, and the place struck a chill to my heart.

the ninth cavalry took care of all the officers' families until we could get established. lieutenant bingham, a handsome and distinguished-looking young bachelor, took us with our two children to his quarters, and made us delightfully at home. his quarters were luxuriously furnished, and he was altogether adorable. this, to be sure, helped to soften my first harsh impressions of the place.

quarters were not very plentiful, and we were compelled to take a house occupied by a young officer of the ninth. what base ingratitude it seemed, after the kindness we had accepted from his regiment! but there was no help for it. we secured a colored cook, who proved a very treasure, and on inquiring how she came to be in those wilds, i learned that she had accompanied a young heiress who eloped with a cavalry lieutenant, from her home in new york some years before.

what a contrast was here, and what a cruel contrast! with blood thinned down by the enervating summer at tucson, here we were, thrust into the polar regions! ice and snow and blizzards, blizzards and snow and ice! the mercury disappeared at the bottom of the thermometer, and we had nothing to mark any degrees lower than 40 below zero. human calculations had evidently stopped there. enormous box stoves were in every room and in the halls; the old-fashioned sort that we used to see in school-rooms and meeting-houses in new england. into these, the soldiers stuffed great logs of mountain mahogany, and the fires were kept roaring day and night.

a board walk ran in front of the officers' quarters, and, desperate for fresh air and exercise, some of the ladies would bundle up and go to walk. but frozen chins, ears and elbows soon made this undesirable, and we gave up trying the fresh air, unless the mercury rose to 18 below, when a few of us would take our daily promenade.

we could not complain of our fare, however, for our larder hung full of all sorts of delicate and delicious things, brought in by the grangers, and which we were glad to buy. prairie-chickens, young pigs, venison, and ducks, all hanging, to be used when desired.

to frappe a bottle of wine, we stood it on the porch; in a few minutes it would pour crystals. house-keeping was easy, but keeping warm was difficult.

it was about this time that the law was passed abolishing the post-trader's store, and forbidding the selling of whiskey to soldiers on a government reservation. the pleasant canteen, or post exchange, the soldiers' club-room, was established, where the men could go to relieve the monotony of their lives.

with the abolition of whiskey, the tone of the post improved greatly; the men were contented with a glass of beer or light wine, the canteen was well managed, so the profits went back into the company messes in the shape of luxuries heretofore unknown; billiards and reading-rooms were established; and from that time on, the canteen came to be regarded in the army as a most excellent institution. the men gained in self-respect; the canteen provided them with a place where they could go and take a bite of lunch, read, chat, smoke, or play games with their own chosen friends, and escape the lonesomeness of the barracks.

but, alas! this condition of things was not destined to endure, for the women of the various temperance societies, in their mistaken zeal and woeful ignorance of the soldiers' life, succeeded in influencing legislation to such an extent that the canteen, in its turn, was abolished; with what dire results, we of the army all know.

those estimable women of the w. c. t. u. thought to do good to the army, no doubt, but through their pitiful ignorance of the soldiers' needs they have done him an incalculable harm.

let them stay by their lectures and their clubs, i say, and their other amusements; let them exercise their good influences nearer home, with a class of people whose conditions are understood by them, where they can, no doubt, do worlds of good.

they cannot know the drear monotony of the barracks life on the frontier in times of peace. i have lived close by it, and i know it well. a ceaseless round of drill and work and lessons, and work and lessons and drill—no recreation, no excitement, no change.

far away from family and all home companionship, a man longs for some pleasant place to go, after the day's work is done. perhaps these women think (if, in their blind enthusiasm, they think at all) that a young soldier or an old soldier needs no recreation. at all events, they have taken from him the only one he had, the good old canteen, and given him nothing in return.

now fort niobrara was a large post. there were ten companies, cavalry and infantry, general august v. kautz, the colonel of the eighth infantry, in command.

and here, amidst the sand-hills of nebraska, we first began to really know our colonel. a man of strong convictions and abiding honesty, a soldier who knew his profession thoroughly, having not only achieved distinction in the civil war, but having served when little more than a boy, in the mexican war of 1846. genial in his manners, brave and kind, he was beloved by all.

the three kautz children, frankie, austin, and navarra, were the inseparable companions of our own children. there was a small school for the children of the post, and a soldier by the name of delany was schoolmaster. he tried hard to make our children learn, but they did not wish to study, and spent all their spare time in planning tricks to be played upon poor delany. it was a difficult situation for the soldier. finally, the two oldest kautz children were sent east to boarding-school, and we also began to realize that something must be done.

our surroundings during the early winter, it is true, had been dreary enough, but as the weather softened a bit and the spring approached, the post began to wake up.

in the meantime, cupid had not been idle. it was observed that mr. bingham, our gracious host of the ninth cavalry, had fallen in love with antoinette, the pretty and attractive daughter of captain lynch of our own regiment, and the post began to be on the qui vive to see how the affair would end, for nobody expects to see the course of true love run smooth. in their case, however, the fates were kind and in due time the happy engagement was announced.

we had an excellent amusement hall, with a fine floor for dancing. the chapel was at one end, and a fairly good stage was at the other.

being nearer civilization now, in the state of nebraska, uncle sam provided us with a chaplain, and a weekly service was held by the anglican clergyman—a tall, well-formed man, a scholar and, as we say, a gentleman. he wore the uniform of the army chaplain, and as far as looks went could hold his own with any of the younger officers. and it was a great comfort to the church people to have this weekly service.

during the rest of the time, the chapel was concealed by heavy curtains, and the seats turned around facing the stage.

we had a good string orchestra of twenty or more pieces, and as there were a number of active young bachelors at the post, a series of weekly dances was inaugurated. never did i enjoy dancing more than at this time.

then mrs. kautz, who was a thorough music lover and had a cultivated taste as well as a trained and exquisite voice, gave several musicales, for which much preparation was made, and which were most delightful. these were given at the quarters of general kautz, a long, low, rambling one-story house, arranged with that artistic taste for which mrs. kautz was distinguished.

then came theatricals, all managed by mrs. kautz, whose talents were versatile.

we charged admission, for we needed some more scenery, and the neighboring frontier town of valentine came riding and driving over the prairie and across the old bridge of the niobrara river, to see our plays. we had a well-lighted stage. our methods were primitive, as there was no gas or electricity there in those days, but the results were good, and the histrionic ability shown by some of our young men and women seemed marvellous to us.

i remember especially bob emmet's acting, which moved me to tears, in a most pathetic love scene. i thought, "what has the stage lost, in this gifted man!"

but he is of a family whose talents are well known, and his personality, no doubt, added much to his natural ability as an actor.

neither the army nor the stage can now claim this brilliant cavalry officer, as he was induced, by urgent family reasons, shortly after the period of which i am writing, to resign his commission and retire to private life, at the very height of his ambitious career.

and now the summer came on apace. a tennis-court was made, and added greatly to our amusement. we were in the saddle every day, and the country around proved very attractive at this season, both for riding and driving.

but all this gayety did not content me, for the serious question of education for our children now presented itself; the question which, sooner or later, presents itself to the minds of all the parents of army children. it is settled differently by different people. it had taken a year for us to decide.

i made up my mind that the first thing to be done was to take the children east and then decide on schools afterwards. so our plans were completed and the day of departure fixed upon. jack was to remain at the post.

about an hour before i was to leave i saw the members of the string orchestra filing across the parade ground, coming directly towards our quarters. my heart began to beat faster, as i realized that mrs. kautz had planned a serenade for me. i felt it was a great break in my army life, but i did not know i was leaving the old regiment forever, the regiment with which i had been associated for so many years. and as i listened to the beautiful strains of the music i loved so well, my eyes were wet with tears, and after all the goodbye's were said, to the officers and their wives, my friends who had shared all our joys and our sorrows in so many places and under so many conditions, i ran out to the stable and pressed my cheek against the soft warm noses of our two saddle horses. i felt that life was over for me, and nothing but work and care remained. i say i felt all this. it must have been premonition, for i had no idea that i was leaving the line of the army forever.

the ambulance was at the door, to take us to valentine, where i bade jack good bye, and took the train for the east. his last promise was to visit us once a year, or whenever he could get a leave of absence.

my husband had now worn the single bar on his shoulder-strap for eleven years or more; before that, the straps of the second lieutenant had adorned his broad shoulders for a period quite as long. twenty-two years a lieutenant in the regular army, after fighting, in a volunteer regiment of his own state, through the four years of the civil war! the "gallant and meritorious service" for which he had received brevets, seemed, indeed, to have been forgotten. he had grown grey in indian campaigns, and it looked as if the frontier might always be the home of the senior lieutenant of the old eighth. promotion in that regiment had been at a standstill for years.

being in washington for a short time towards mid-winter enjoying the social side of military life at the capital, an opportunity came to me to meet president cleveland, and although his administration was nearing its close, and the stress of official cares was very great, he seemed to have leisure and interest to ask me about my life on the frontier; and as the conversation became quite personal, the impulse seized me, to tell him just how i felt about the education of our children, and then to tell him what i thought and what others thought about the unjust way in which the promotions and retirements in our regiment had been managed.

he listened with the greatest interest and seemed pleased with my frankness. he asked me what the soldiers and officers out there thought of "so and so." "they hate him," i said.

whereupon he laughed outright and i knew i had committed an indiscretion, but life on the frontier does not teach one diplomacy of speech, and by that time i was nerved up to say just what i felt, regardless of results.

"well," he said, smiling, "i am afraid i cannot interfere much with those military matters;" then, pointing with his left hand and thumb towards the war department, "they fix them all up over there in the adjutant general's office," he added.

then he asked me many more questions; if i had always stayed out there with my husband, and why i did not live in the east, as so many army women did; and all the time i could hear the dull thud of the carpenters' hammers, for they were building even then the board seats for the public who would witness the inaugural ceremonies of his successor, and with each stroke of the hammer, his face seemed to grow more sad.

i felt the greatness of the man; his desire to be just and good: his marvellous personal power, his ability to understand and to sympathize, and when i parted from him he said again laughingly, "well, i shall not forget your husband's regiment, and if anything turns up for those fine men you have told me about, they will hear from me." and i knew they were the words of a man, who meant what he said.

in the course of our conversation he had asked, "who are these men? do they ever come to washington? i rarely have these things explained to me and i have little time to interfere with the decisions of the adjutant general's office."

i replied: "no, mr. president, they are not the men you see around washington. our regiment stays on the frontier, and these men are the ones who do the fighting, and you people here in washington are apt to forget all about them."

"what have they ever done? were they in the civil war?" he asked.

"their records stand in black and white in the war department," i replied, "if you have the interest to learn more about them."

"women's opinions are influenced by their feelings," he said.

"mine are based upon what i know, and i am prepared to stand by my convictions," i replied.

soon after this interview, i returned to new york and i did not give the matter very much further thought, but my impression of the greatness of mr. cleveland and of his powerful personality has remained with me to this day.

a vacancy occurred about this time in the quartermaster's department, and the appointment was eagerly sought for by many lieutenants of the army. president cleveland saw fit to give the appointment to lieutenant summerhayes, making him a captain and quartermaster, and then, another vacancy occurring shortly after, he appointed lieutenant john mcewen hyde to be also a captain and quartermaster.

lieutenant hyde stood next in rank to my husband and had grown grey in the old eighth infantry. so the regiment came in for its honor at last, and general kautz, when the news of the second appointment reached him, exclaimed, "well! well! does the president think my regiment a nursery for the staff?"

the eighth foot and the ninth horse at niobrara gave the new captain and quartermaster a rousing farewell, for now my husband was leaving his old regiment forever; and, while he appreciated fully the honor of his new staff position, he felt a sadness at breaking off the associations of so many years—a sadness which can scarcely be understood by the young officers of the present day, who are promoted from one regiment to another, and rarely remain long enough with one organization to know even the men of their own company.

there were many champagne suppers, dinners and card-parties given for him, to make the good-bye something to be remembered, and at the end of a week's festivities, he departed by a night train from valentine, thus eluding the hospitality of those generous but wild frontiersmen, who were waiting to give him what they call out there a "send-off."

for valentine was like all frontier towns; a row of stores and saloons. the men who kept them were generous, if somewhat rough. one of the officers of the post, having occasion to go to the railroad station one day at valentine, saw the body of a man hanging to a telegraph pole a short distance up the track. he said to the station man: "what does that mean?" (nodding his head in the direction of the telegraph pole).

"why, it means just this," said the station man, "the people who hung that man last night had the nerve to put him right in front of this place, by g—. what would the passengers think of this town, sir, as they went by? why, the reputation of valentine would be ruined! yes, sir, we cut him down and moved him up a pole or two. he was a hard case, though," he added.