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逻辑哲学论

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译者 1 力图列出所有比较重要的语词,并对于每一语词,给出其全部出处,或者仅仅省去少数无关紧要的出处。前言中的各段用p1、p2……标明,各命题则以去掉小数点的数字标示;两个以上的顺号的命题,用两个以连字符接起来的数字标示,如202—2021。

译文 2 中有时必须用不同的英语词项来翻译同一个德语词项,或者用同一个英语词项来翻译不同的德语词项。索引旨在为德语词汇提供资料性的引导,特别是使读者注意到那些在英语中比在德语中较难清楚表达的观念之间的重要联系,为此,这里采用了多种方法。

一、如果一个德语表达式本身比较重要,就将它写在它的英译表达式后面的括号内,如situation[sachlage];同样地,当一个英语表达式用来翻译多个德语表达式时,每个德语表达式分别写在标有数字的括号内,并且接着列出用该英语表达式翻译它的那些段落,如reality 1.[realität],55561,等等。2.[wirklichkeit],206,等等。

二、有时这样列出的德语表达式在正文中具有两个或更多的英译;在这种情形下,如果非主选的英译是重要的,就将它们列在括号内的德语表达式之后,如proposition[satz: law; principle]。

以这两种方法收入的多种英译有时以一种简略的方式列出。因为一个德语表达式实际上并不一定如上面例中所示的那样,为列在它前面或后面的英语表达式所翻译,其关系也许更为复杂。如这个德语表达式也许只是英语表达式所翻译的短语的一部分,例如stand in a relation to one another; are related[sich verhalten: stand, how things; state of things]。

三、用参照词条来提示对概念之间其它重要联系的注意,如true,参照correct,right,和a priori,参照advance,in。

在次要词条和参照词条中代字号用~标记,但代字号含有/的地方除外,在这种情形下,/前面的部分是这样来标记的,例如,accident; ~al表示accident; accidental;和state of/affairs; ~things表示state of affairs; state of things。参照词条与在它之前的紧靠它的词条或标有数字的括号有关。当对于一个词本身和一个包含它的短语都给出参照时,则后者的出现一般地并不算作也是前者的出现,所以两个词条都应该翻阅。

about(关于)[von etwas handeln: concerned with; deal with; subjectmatter(涉及、处理某事物)],324,544,635;参照mention; speak; talk.

abstract(抽象),55563

accident; ~al(偶然事件;偶然的)[zufall],2012,20121,334,54733,6031,61231,61232,63,641

action(行为),51362,6422

activity(活动),4112

addition(加),参照logical.

adjectiv/e; ~al(形容词;形容词的),3323,54733

advance, in(事先)[von vornherein],547,6125;参照a priori.

aesthetics(美学),6421

affirmation(肯定)[bejahung],4064,5124,51241,544,5513,5514,6231

affix(附标)[index],40411,502

agreement(符合,一致)

1.[stimmen: right(对); true(真)],5512

2.[übereinstimmung],221,2222,42,44,442—4431,4462

analysis(分析)[analyse],3201,325,33442,41274,4221,55562;参照anatomize; dissect; resolve.

analytic(分析的),611

anatomize(分解)[auseinanderlegen],3261;参照analysis.

answer(回答),4003,41274,54541,555,5551,65—652

apparent(表面的),40031,5441,5461;参照psendo-.

application(应用)[anwendung: employment(使用)],3262,35,52521,52523,532,55,55521,5557,6001,6123,6126

a priori(先天),2225,304,305,5133,54541,54731,555,55541,55571,5634,631,63211,633,634,635;参照advance, in.

arbitrary(任意的),3315,3322,3342,33442,502,5473,547321,5554,6124,61271

argument(主目),3333,4431,502,5251,547,5523,55351;参照truth-argument

~-place(主目位置),20131,40411,55351

arithmetic(算术),44611,5451

arrow(箭头),3144,4461

articulate(节奏分明的)[artikuliert],3141,3251

~d(组织起来的)[gegliedert],4032

ascribe(声称)[aussagen: speak(说); state(陈叙); statement(陈述); tell(告诉)],41241

assert(断言,肯定)

1.[behaupten],4122,421,62322

2.[zusprechen],4124

asymmetry(不对称),63611

axiom(公理),6341

~of infinity(无穷公理),5535

~of reducibility(可归约性公理),61232,61233

bad(恶的),643

basis(基础),521,522,5234,524,525,5251,5442,554

beautiful(美的),4003

belief(相信),51361,51363,5541,5542,633,63631

bound(围起),~ary(界限)[grenze: delimit(分界); limit(限定)],4112,4463

brackets(括号),4441,546,5461

build(建筑)[bau: construction(构造)],6341

calculation(演算),6126,62331

cardinal(基数),参照number.

case, be the(发生的事情)

1.[der fall sein],1,112,121,2,2024,3342,4024,51362,55151,5541,55542,623

2.[so-sein],641

causality(因果性),5136—51362,632,6321,636,63611,6362;参照law.

certainty(确定)[gewiβheit],4464,5152,5156,5525,63211

chain(链条),203;参照concatenation.

clarification(阐明),4112

class(类)[klasse: set(集)],3311,3315,41272,6031

clear(清楚),p2,3251,4112,4115,4116

make~(弄清楚)[erklären: definition(定义); explanation(解释)],5452

colour(颜色),20131,20232,20251,2171,4123,63751

~-space(颜色空间),20131

combination(组合,结合)

1.[kombination],427,428,546;参照rule, combinatory; truth~.

2.[verbindung: connexion(结合)],201,20121,40311,4221,4466,44661,5131,5451,5515,612,61201,6121,61221,6124,623,6232;参照sign.

common(共同,共有),2022,216,217,218,22,331,3311,3317,3321,3322,3333,3341,33411,3343—33441,4014,412,511,5143,5152,524,547,54733,5512,5513,55261,6022

comparison(比较),2223,305,405,62321,63611

complete(完全)

1.[vollkommen: fwlly(完全地)],5156

2.[vollständig],5156

analyse ~ly(完全分析),3201,325

describe ~ly(完全描述),20201,4023,426,5526,6342

complex(复合,复合物),20201,31432,324,33442,41272,42211,4441,5515,55423

composite(复合,组合)[zusammengesetzt],2021,3143,31431,33411,4032,42211,547,55261,55421,555

compulsion(强制),637

concatenation(连接),422;参照chain.

concept(概念)[begriff: primitive idea(初始观念)],4063,4126-41274,4431,52523,5521,5555,6022;参照formal~; pseudo-~.

~ual notation(概念记号系统)[begriffsschrift],3325,41272,41273,4431,5533,5534

~-word(概念词),41272

concernedwith(涉及)[von etwas handeln: about(关于); deal with(有关)],4011,4122

concrete(具体的),55563

condition(条件),441,4461,4462;参照truth-~.

configuration(配置),20231,20271,20272,321

connexion(联系,连接)

1.[verbendung: combination(结合)],6124,6232

2.[zusammenhang: nexus(联系)],20122,2032,215,403,51311,51362,6361,6374

consequences(后果),6422

conservation(守恒),参照law.

constant(常项),3312,3313,4126,41271,5501,5522;参照logical~.

constituent(组成部分)[bestandteil],2011,20201,324,3315,34,4024,4025,54733,5533,55423,612

construct(构造)[bilden],451,54733,5475,5501,5503,5512,5514,55151,6126,61271

construction(构造)

1.[bau: build(建造)],4002,4014,545,55262,6002

2.[konstruktion],4023,45,5233,5556,6343

contain(包含)[enthalten],2014,2203,302,313,324,3332,3333,5121,5122,544,547

content(内容)

1.[gehalt],6111

2.[inhalt],2025,313,331

continuity(连续性),参照law.

contradiction(矛盾)

1.[kontradiktion],446—44661,5101,5143,5152,5525,61202,63751

2.[widerspruch],3032,41211,4211,51241,61201,63751;参照lawof~.

convention(约定,默契)

1.[abmachung],4002

2.[übereinkunft],3315,502

co-ordinate(坐标),3032,341,342,564

copula(系词),3323

correct(正确)[richtig],217,2173,218,221,304,55302,562,62321;参照incorrect; true.

correlate(相关)[zuordnen],21514,21515,443,444,5526,5542,61203

correspond(相对应)[entsprechen],213,32,321,3315,40621,4063,428,4441,4466,55542

creation(创造),3031,5123

critique of langnage(语言批判),40031

cube(立方体),55423

darwin(达尔文),41122

dealwith(涉及)[von etwas handeln: about(关于); concerned with(涉及)],20121

death(死),6431—64312

deduce(推演)[folgern],5132—5134;参照infer.

definition(定义)

1.[definition],324,326—3262,3343,4241,542,5451,5452,55302,602

2.[erklärung: clear, make(弄清楚); explanation(解释)],5154

delimit(分界)[begrenzen: bound(边界); limit(界限)],55262

depiction(图示)[abbildung: form, logico-pictorial(逻辑图示形式); form, pictorial)(图示形式); pictorial(图示的)],216—2172,218,219,22,2201,4013,4014,4015,4016,4041

derive(推得)[ableiten],40141,4243,6127,61271;参照infer.

description(描述)[beschreibung],20201,202331,3144,324,3317,333,4016,4023,40641,426,45,502,5156,54711,5472,5501,5634,6124,6125,6342,635,63611,6362

~of the world(世界的描述)[weltb.],6341,6343,63432

designate(指示,标示)[bezeichen: sign(记号); signify(标记)],4063

determin/ate(确定)[bestimmt],2031,2032,214,215,314,323,3251,4466,6124;参照indeterminateness; undetermined.

~e(确定,决定),111,112,20231,205,3327,34,342,4063,40641,4431,4463

difference(差别,不同)[verschiedenheit],20233,5135,553,6232,63751

display(显示,展示)[aufweisen],2172,4121;参照show.

dissect(分解)[zergliedern],326;参照analysis.

doctrine(学说)[lehre: theory(理论)],4112,613

doubt(怀疑),651,6521

dualism(二元论),4128

duration(延续),64311

dynamical model(动力学模型),404

effort, least(最小耗费),参照law.

element(要素),213—214,215,2151,21514,21515,314,32,3201,324,342

~ary proposition(基本命题)[elementarsatz],421—4221,423,424,4243—426,428—442,4431,445,446,451,452,5,501,5101,5134,5152,5234,53532,541,547,55,5524,55262,555,5555—55571,6001,6124,63751

elucidation(阐释)[erläuterung],3263,4112,654

empirical(经验的),55561

employment(应用)

1.[anwendung: application(利用)],3202,3323,5452

2.[verwendung: use(用)],3327

enumeration(列举),5501

equal value, of(等值)[gleichwertig],64

equality/, numerical(数的相等)[zahlengleichheit],6022

sign of ~(等号)[gleichheitszeichen: identity, sign for(同一的记号)],623,6232

equation(等式)[gleichung],4241,62,622,6232,62323,62341,624

equivalent(等价),参照meaning, ~in(指谓等价).[äquivalent],5232,52523,547321,5514,61261

essence(本质)[wesen],2011,3143,31431,331,3317,334—33421,4013,4016,4027,403,4112,41121,4465,44661,45,53,5471,54711,5501,5533,61232,6124,6126,6127,6232,62341

eternity(永恒),64311,64312;参照sub specie aeterni.

ethics(伦理学),642—6423

everyday language(日常语言)[umgangssprache],3323,4002,55563

existence(存在)

1.[bestehen: hold(保持); subsist(实存)],2,20121,204—206,2062,211,2201,41,4122,4124,4125,42,421,425,427,43,5131,5135

2.[existenz],3032,324,3323,34,3411,41274,55151

experience(经验)[erfahrung],5552,5553,5634,61222,6363

explanation(解释)[erklärung: clear, make(弄清楚); definition(定义)],3263,402,4021,4026,4431,55422,6371,6372

exponent(阶次),6021

expression(表达式)[ausdruck: say(说)],p3,31,312,313,3142,31431,32,324,3251,3262,331—3314,3318,3323,333,334,3341,33441,4002,4013,403,40411,4121,4124,4125,4126,41272,41273,4241,44,443,4431,4441,4442,45,5131,522,524,5242,531,5476,5503,55151,5525,553,55301,5535,55352,6124,61264,621,623,6232—62323,624

mode of ~(表达方式)[ausdrucksweise],4015,521,5526

external(外在的,外部的),201231,20233,4023,4122,41251

fact(事实)[tatsache],11—12,2,20121,2034,206,21,2141,216,3,314,3142,3143,4016,40312,4061,4063,4122,41221,41272,42211,4463,5156,543,55151,5542,55423,62321,643,64321;参照negative ~.

fairytale(童话),4014

false(假的)[falsch: incorrect(错的)],20212,221,222,2222—2224,324,4003,4023,406—4063,425,426,428,431,441,4431,446,5512,55262,55351,6111,6113,61203;参照wrong.

fate(命运),6372,6374

feature(特征)[zug],334,41221,4126

feeling(感觉),41213,61232,645

finite(有限),532

follow(推出,得出),41211,452,511—5132,51363—5142,5152,543,61201,61221,6126

foresee(预见),45,5556

form(形式)[form],20122,20141,2022—2023,2025—2026,2033,218,313,331,3312,3333,4002,40031,4012,4063,41241,41271,4241,4242,45,5131,5156,5231,524,5241,52522,5451,546,547,5501,55351,5542,55422,555,5554,55542,5555,5556,56331,6,6002,601,6022,603,61201,61203,61224,61264,632,634—6342,635,6422;参照~al; general~.

propositional ~; series of ~s.

logical ~(逻辑形式),20233,218,2181,22,3315,3327,412,4121,4128,5555,623,633

logico-pictorial ~(逻辑图示形式)[logische form der abbildung],22

pictorial ~(图示形式)[form der abbildung: depiction(图示); pictorial(图示的)],215,2151,217,2172,2181,222

representational ~(表现形式)[form des darstellung: present(表现); represent(表述)],2173,2174

formal(形式的)[formal],4122,5501

~concept(形式概念),4126—41273

~property(形式属性),4122,4124,4126,41271,5231,612,6122

~relation(形式关系)[relation],4122,5242

formulate(表述)[angeben: give(给); say(说)],55563

free will(自由意志),51362

frege(弗雷格),6,3143,3318,3325,4063,41272,41273,4431,4442,502,5132,54,542,5451,54733,5521,61271,6232

fully(完全地)[vollkommen: complete(完全)],~ generalized(完全概括),5526,55261

function(函项)[funktion],3318,3333,4126,41272,412721,424,502,52341,525,5251,544,547,5501,552,55301;参照truth-~.

fundamental laws of arithmetic(《算术的基本定律》)[grundgesetze der arithmetik],5451;参照primitive proposition.

future(将来),51361,51362

general(一般的,总的)[allgemein],33441,40141,41273,4411,51311,5156,5242,52522,5454,546,5472,5521,55262,6031,61231,63432

~form(一般形式),3312,41273,45,453,546,547,5471,5472,554,6,6002,601,6022,603

~ity-sign(概括记号),notation for ~ity(概括记号法),324,40411,5522,5523,61203

~validity(普遍有效性),61231,61232

generalization(概括,一般化)[verallgemeinerung],40411,452,5156,5526,55261,61231;参照fully.

geometry(几何学),3032,30321,3411,635

give(给)[angeben: formulate(表述); say(说)],3317,45,54711,555,5554,635

given(给定)[gegeben],20124,342,412721,451,5442,5524,6002,6124

god(上帝),3031,5123,6372,6432

good(善),4003,643

grammar(语法),参照logical.

happy(幸福),6374

hertz(赫兹),404,6361

hierarchy(等级序列),5252,5556,55561

hieroglyphic script(象形文字),4016

higher(更高者),642,6432

hold(保持)[bestehen: existence(存在); obtain(得到); subsist(实存)],4014

how(怎样)[wie],6432,644;参照stand, ~ things. ~)(what,怎样)(什么),3221,5552

hypothesis(假设),41122,55351,636311

idea(思想,观念),参照primitive ~.

1.[gedanke: thought(思想)],musical ~(音乐思想),4014

2.[vorstellung: present(表现); represent(表述)],5631

idealist(唯心主义者),40412

identical(同一的)[identisch],3323,4003,40411,5473,54733,55303,55352,63751;参照difference.

identity(同一)[gleichheit],553

sign for ~(同一记号)[gleichheitszeichen: equality, sign of(等号)],3323,54733,553,55301,5533;参照equation.

illogical(非逻辑的)[unlogisch],303,3031,54731

imagine(设想,想像)[sich etwas denken: think(想)],20121,2022,401,61233

immortality(不灭),64312

impossibility(不可能)[unmöglichkeit],4464,5525,55422,6375,63751

incorrect(错的)

1.[falsch: false(假的)],217,2173,218

2.[unrichtig],221

independence(独立)[selbständigkeit],20122,3261

independent(独立的,无关的)[unabhängig],2024,2061,222,4061,5152,5154,5451,55261,55561,6373

indeterminateness(不确定性)[unbestimmtheit],324

indicate(指示,表明)

1.[anzeigen],3322,6121,6124

2.[aufetwaszeigen: manifest(展现); show(显示)],202331,4063

individuals(个体),5553

induction(归纳),631,6363

infer(推论)[schlieiβen],2062,4023,51311,5132,5135,51361,5152,5633,61224,6211;参照deduce; derive.

infinite(无限的),20131,42211,4463,543,5535,64311

infinity(无言,无限),参照axiom.

inner(内在的),40141,51311,51362

internal(内在的,内部的),201231,324,4014,4023,4122—41252,5131,52,521,5231,5232

intuition(直觉)[anschauung],6233,62331

intuitive(直观的)[anschaulich],61203

judgement(判断)[urteil],4063,55422

~ -stroke(断定号)[urteilstrich],4442

julius caesar(尤里乌斯·恺撒),502

kant(康德),636111

know(知道)

1.[kennen],20123,201231,3263,4021,4243,62322;参照theory of knowledge.

2.[wissen],305,324,4024,4461,51362,5156,55562,63211,633,636311

language(语言)[sprache],p2,p4,3032,3343,4001—40031,4014,40141,4025,4121,4125,54731,5535,56,562,612,6233,643;参照critique of ~; everyday~; sign-~.

law(规律,定律,法则)

1.[gesetz: minimum-principle(最小原理); primitive proposition],3031,3032,30321,40141,5501,6123,63—63211,63431,635,6361,6363,6422

~ofcausality(因果律)[kausalitätsg],632,6321

~ofconservation(守恒律)[erhaltungsg],633

~ofcontradiction(矛盾律)[g. des widerspruchs],61203,6123

~of least action(最小作用律)[g. der kleinsten wirkung],6321,63211

~ofnature(自然律)[natur],5154,634,636,6371,6372

2.[satz: principle of sufficient reason(充足理由律); proposition(命题)],634

~of continuity(连续性原理)[s. von der kontinuität],634

~of least effort(最小耗费原理)[s. vom kleinsten aufwande],634

life(生活,人生),5621,64311,64312,652,6521

limit(限定,界限)[grenze: bound(界限); delimit(分界)],p3,p4,4113,4114,451,5143,55561,56—562,5632,5641,64311,645

logic(逻辑); ~al(逻辑的),2012,20121,3031,3032,3315,341,342,4014,4015,4023,40312,4032,4112,41121,41213,4126,4128,4466,502,51362,5152,5233,542,543,545—547,5472—54731,547321,5522,5551—55521,5555,55562—5557,561,61—612,6121,6122,61222—62,622,6234,63,631,63211,6342,63431,63631,637,6374—63751;参照form, ~al; illogical.

~al addition(逻辑加),52341,547

~al constant(逻辑常项),40312,54,5441,547

~al grammar(逻辑语法),3325

~al multiplication(逻辑乘),52341

~al object(逻辑对象),4441,54

~al picture(逻辑图像),218—219,3,403

~al place(逻辑位置),341—342,40641

~al product(逻辑积),342,4465,5521,61271,63751

~al space(逻辑空间),113,211,2202,34,342,4463

~al sum(逻辑和),342,5521

~al syntax(逻辑句法),3325,333,3334,3344,6124

~o-pictorial,参照form.

~o-syntactical(逻辑句法的),3327

manifest(展示,显示)[sich zeigen: indicate(指出); show(显示)],4122,524,54,5513,5515,55561,562,623,636,6522

material(物质,实质),20231,544

mathematics(数学),404—40411,5154,543,5475,6031,62—622,62321,6233,6234—624

mauthner(毛特纳),40031

mean(意指,意谓)[meinen],3315,4062,562

meaning(指谓)[bedeutung: signify],3203,3261,3263,33,3314,3315,3317,3323,3328—3331,3333,4002,4026,4126,4241—4243,4466,45,502,531,5451,5461,547321,54733,5535,555,56,562,6124,6126,6232,62322,653

equivalentin ~[bedeutungsgleichheit],62323

~ ful(有指谓的,有意义的)[bedeutungsvoll],5233

~less(无指谓的)[bedeutungslos],3328,4442,44661,547321

mechanics(力学),404,6321,6341—6343,63432

mention(谈到,提到)[von etwas reden: talk about(谈及)],324,333,41211,5631,63432;参照about.

metaphysical(形而上的),5633,5641,653

method(方法),311,41121,6121,62,6234—624,653;参照projection, ~ of; zero- ~.

microcosm(小宇宙),563

minintum-principle(最小原理)[minimum-gesete: law(定律)],6321

mirror(镜,反映),4121,5511,5512,5514

~ -image(映像)[spiegelbild: picture(图像)],613

misunderstanding(误解),p2

mode(方式),参照expression; signification.

model(模型),212,401,4463;参照dynamical ~.

modu sponens(肯定式),61264

monism(一元论),4128

moore(摩尔),5541

multiplicity(多样性),404—40412,5475

music(音乐),3141,4011,4014,40141

mystical(神秘的),644,645,6522

name(名称,命名)

1.[name],3142,3143,3144,3202,3203,322,326,3261,33,3314,33411,40311,4126,41272,422,4221,423,424,4243,45,502,5526,5535,555,6124;参照variable ~.

general ~(通名)[gattungsn.],6321

proper ~ of a person(人的专名)[personenn.],3323

2.[benennen: nennen],3144,3221

natur/e(自然),20123,3315,547,6124;参照law of ~e.

~al phenomena(自然现象),6371

~ al science(自然科学),411,4111,41121—4113,6111,64312,653necessary(必需,必要),40411,5452,5474,6124;参照unnecessary.

negation(否定)

1.[negation],55,5502

2.[verneinung],342,40621,4064,40641,51241,52341,5254,544,5451,55,5512,5514,6231

negative(否定的)[negativ],4463,5513,55151

~fact(否定事实),206,4063,55151

network(网),5511,6341,6342,635

newton(牛顿),6341,6342

nexus(联系,关联)

1.[nexus],5136,51361

2.[zusammenhang: connexion(联系,连结)],33,422,423

non-proposition(非命题),55351

nonsense(无意义)[unsinn],p4,324,4003,4124,41272,41274,44611,5473,55303,55351,55422,55571,651,645;参照sense, haveno.

notation(记号系统,记号法),3342,33441,5474,5512—5514,61203,6122,61223;参照conceptual ~; generality, ~for.

number(数,数目,数量)

1.[anzahl],41272,5474—5476,555,5553,61271

2.[zahl: integer(整数)],41252,4126,41272,412721,4128,5453,5553,602,6022;参照equality, numerical; privileged ~s; series of ~s; variable ~.

cardinal ~(基数),502

~ -system(数字系统),6341

object(对象)[gegenstand],201,20121,20123—20124,20131—202,2021,2023—20233,20251—2032,213,215121,31431,32,3203—3221,3322,33411,4023,40312,41211,4122,4123,4126,4127,41272,412721,42211,4431,4441,4466,502,5123,51511,54,544,5524,5526,553—55302,5541,5542,55561,63431;参照thing.

obtain(得到,获得)[bestehen: exist(存在); hold(保持); subsist(实存)],4122

obvious(明显的,自明的)[sich von selbst verstehen: say(说); understand(理解)],6111;参照self-evidence.

occam(奥卡姆),3328,547321

occur(出现)[vorkommen],2012—20123,20141,324,3311,40621,41211,423,4243,525,5451,554,5541,61203

operation(运算),41273,521—5254,54611,547,55,5503,6001—601,6021,6126;参照sign for a logical ~; truth- ~.

oppos/ed(相反); ~ite(相反的)[entgegengesetzt],40621,4461,51241,5513

order(次序),41252,55563,5634

paradox, russell's(罗素悖论),3333

particle(质点),63751

perceive(觉察,感知),31,311,332,55423

phenomenon(现象),6423,参照natural ~.

philosophy(哲学),p2,p5,3324,33421,4003,40031,4111—4115,4122,4128,5641,6113,6211,653

physics(物理学),30321,6321,6341,63751

pictorial(图示的)

1.[abbilden: depict(图示); form, logico- ~(逻辑图示形式)],215,2151,21513,21514,217,2172,2181,222;参照form, ~.

2.[bildhaftig],4013,4015

picture(图像)[bild: mirror-image(映像); tableaw vivant(活动拼装画)],20212,21—21512,21513—301,342,401—4012,4021,403,4032,406,4462,4463,5156,6341,6342,635;参照logical ~; prototype.

place(位置)[ort],3411,63751;参照logical ~.

point-mass(质点)[materieller punkt],63432

positive(肯定的),206,4063,4463,55151

possible(可能的),2012,20121,20123—20141,2033,215,2151,2201—2203,302,304,311,313,323,33421,33441,3411,4015,40312,4124,4125,42,427—43,442,445,446,4462,4464,45,5252,542,544,546,5473,54733,5525,555,561,61222,633,634,652;参照impossibility; truth-possibility.

postulate(设定)[forderung: requirement(需要,要求)],61223

predicate(谓词),参照subject.

pre-eminent(特殊的)[ausgezeichnet],~ mumbers(特殊的数),4128,5453,5553

present(表现,表达)

1.[darstellen: represent(表达)],3312,3313,4115

2.[vorstellen: idea(观念); represent(表达)],211,40311

preswppose(假定,为前提)[voraussetzen],3311,333,41241,5515,55151,561,6124

primitiveidea(初始观念)[grundbegriff],412721,5451,5476

primitive proposition(初始命题)[grundgesetz],543,5452,6127,61271;参照《fundamental laws of arithmetic》; law

primitive sign(初始记号)[urzeichen],326,3261,3263,542,545,5451,546,5461,5472

《principia mathematica》(《数学原理》),5452

principle of sufficient reason(充足理由律)[satz vom grunde: law(定律); proposition(命题)],634,635

《principles of mathematics》(《数学原则》),55351

probability(概率),4464,515—5156

problem(问题)

1.[fragestellung: question(问题)],p2,562

2.[problem],p2,4003,54541,5535,5551,55563,64312,6521

product(积),参照logical.

project/ion(投影); ~ive(投影的),311—313,40141 method of ~ion(投影方法),311

proof(证明)[beweis],6126,61262,61263—61265,62321,6241

proper(专有的),参照name.

property(属性)[eigenschaft],201231,20231,20233,202331,4023,4063,4122—41241,5473,55302,6111,612,6121,6126,6231,635;参照formal~.

proposition(命题)[satz: law(定律); principle(原则)],20122,20201,20211,20231,31(及此后各处);参照non-~; primitive ~; pseudo-~; variable, ~al; variable ~.

~al form(命题形式),3312,40031,4012,45,453,5131,51311,5156,5231,524,5241,5451,547,5471,5472,554—5542,55422,555,5554,5555,5556,6,6002

~al sign(命题记号),312,314,3143,31431,32,321,3332,334,341,35,402,444,4442,531

prototype(原型)[urbild],324,3315,3333,5522,55351;参照picture.

pseudo-(伪-),参照apparent.

~ -concept(伪概念),41272

~ -proposition(伪命题),41272,5534,5535,62

~ -relation(伪关系),5461

psychology(心理学),41121,5541,55421,5641,63631,6423

punishment(惩罚),6422

question(问题)[frage: problem(问题)],4003,41274,54541,555,5551,55542,65—652

range(范围)[spielraum],4463,55262;参照space.

real(实在的,真正的)[wirklich],2022,40031,5461

realism(实在论),564

reality(实在)

1.[realität],55561,564

2.[wirklichkeit],206,2063,212,21511,21512,21515,217,2171,218,2201,221,2222,2223,401,4011,4021,4023,405,406,40621,412,4121,4462,4463,5512

reducibility(可归约性),参照axiom.

relation(关系)

1.[beziehung],21513,21514,312,31432,324,40412,4061,40641,4462,44661,5131,51311,52—522,542,5461,54733,55151,55261,55301;参照pseudo-.

2.[relation],4122,4123,4125,41251,5232,542,55301,5541,5553,55541;参照formal ~.

3.stand in a ~ to one another(彼此有关); are related(相关联的)[sich verhalten: stand, how things(事物是怎样的); state of things(事物的状态)],2031,214,215,2151,313,55423

represent(表现)

1.[darstellen: present(表达,表现)],20231,2173,2174,2201—2203,222,2221,3032,30321,4011,4021,4031,404,41,4121,4122,4124,4125,4126,41271,41272,424,431,4462,521,61203,6124,61264;参照form, ~ational.

2.[vorstellen: idea(观念); present(表现,表达)],215

representative(代表),be the ~ of(是…的代表)[vertreten],2131,322,3221,40312,5501

requirement(要求,必需)[forderung: postulate(要求)],323

resolve(分解),参照analysis.

1.[auflösen],33442

2.[zerlegen],20201

reward(奖励),6422

riddle(谜),64312,65

right(正确,对)[stimmen: agreement(符合); true(真)],324

rule(规则)[regel],3334,3343,3344,40141,547321,5476,5512,5514

combinatory ~(组合规则)[kombinationsr],4442 ~ dealing with signs(记号规则)[zeichenr],3331,4241,602,6126

russell(罗素),p6,3318,3325,3331,3333,40031,41272—41273,4241,4442,502,5132,5252,54,542,5452,54731,5513,5521,5525,55302,5532,5535,55351,5541,55472,5553,6123,61232

say(说)

1.[angeben: give(给)],55571

2.[ausdrücken: expression(表达)],55151

3.[aussprechen: words, putinto(说出)],~clearly(清楚地说出),3262

4.[sagen],can be said(可说),p3,3031,4115,41212,561,562,636,651,653

said(shown显示),4022,41212,5535,562,636

~ nothing(没有说什么),4461,5142,543,54733,5513,55303,611,6121,6342,635

5.[sich von selbst verstehen: obvious(显然的); understand(理解)],~ing, gowithout(不说自明),3334,62341

scaffolding(脚手架),342,4023,6124

scepticism(怀疑论),651

schema(图式),431,443,4441,4442,5101,5151,531

science(科学),634,6341,652;参照natural ~.

scope(范围),40411

self, the(自我)[das ich],564,5641

self-evidence(自明)[einleuchten],51363,542,54731,55301,61271;参照obvious.

sense(意义)[sinn; sinnvoll],p2,20211,2221,2222,311,313,3142,31431,3144,323,33,331,3326,334,3341,34,4002,4011,4014,402—4022,4027—4031,4032,4061,40621—4064,41211,4122,41221,41241,4126,42,4243,4431,4465,452,502,5122,51241,52341,525,52521,54,542,544,546,54732,54733,5514,5515,55302,55542,5631,5641,6124,6126,6232,641,6422,6521

have the same ~(有相同意义)[gleichsinnig],5515 have no ~, lack ~; without ~(没有意义,缺少意义)[sinnlos],4461,5132,51362,55351;参照nonsense. ~of touch(触觉)[tastsinn],20131

series(系列)[reihe],41252,445,51,5232,602

~ of forms(形式系列)[formenr],41252,41273,5252,52522,5501

~ of numbers[zahlenr],41252

set(组)[klasse: class(类)],3142

show(显示)[zeigen: indicate(指明); manifest(展示)],3262,4022,40621,40641,4121—41212,4126,4461,51311,524,542,55261,55421,55422,5631,612,61201,61221,6126,6127,622,6232;参见display s say.

sign(记号)[zeichen],311,312,31432,3201—3203,321,3221,323,3261—3263,3315,332—3322,3325—3334,33442,4012,4026,40312,4061,40621,4126,41271,41272,4241—4243,4431—4441,4466,44661,502,5451,546,5473,54732—54733,5475,5501,5512,5515,55151,553,55541,55542,602,61203,6124,6126,61264,653;参照primitiv ~; propositional ~; rule dealing with ~s; simple ~.

be a ~ for(作为…的记号)[bezeichnen: designate(指示); signify(指谓)],542

combination of ~s(记号的结合)[zeichenverbindung],4466,5451

~ for a logical operation(逻辑运算记号)[logisches operationsz],54611

~ -language(记号语言)[zeichensprache],3325,3343,4011,41121,41213,45,6124

signif/y(标记,指谓)

1.[bedeuten: meaning(指谓)],4115

2.[bezeichnen: designate(标示); sign(记号)],324,3261,3317,3321,3322,3333,3334,33411,3344,4012,4061,4126,4127,41272,4243,5473,54733,5476,55261,55541,6111

mode of ~ication(标记方式)[bezeichnungsweise],3322,3323,3325,33421,40411,51311

similarity(相似性),40141,5231

simple(简单的),202,324,421,424,451,502,54541,5553,55563,6341,6342,6363,63631

~ sign(简单记号),3201,3202,321,323,4026

simplex sigillum veri(简单性是真理的标志),54541

situation(状况,情况)[sachlage],20121,2014,211,2202,2203,302,311,3144,321,4021,403,4031,4032,404,4124,4125,4462,4466,5135,5156,5525

socrates(苏格拉底),5473,54733

solipsism(唯我论),562,564

solution(解决,解答),p8,54541,5535,64312,64321,6521

soul(灵魂),55421,5641,64312

space(空间)[raum],20121,2013,20131,20251,211,2171,2182,2202,3032—30321,31431,40412,4463,63611,636111,64312;参照colour- ~; logical~; range.

speak/about(说到)[von etwas sprechen],3221,63431,6423,7;参照about.

~for itself(自己表明)[aussagen: ascribe(声称); state(陈叙); statement(陈述); tell(告诉,说)],6124

stand/, how things(事物是怎样的)[sich verhalten: relation(关系); state of things(事物的状态)],4022,4023,4062,45

~for(代表)[für etwas stehen],40311,5515

state(陈述)[aussagen: ascribe(声称); speak(谈论); statement(陈述); tell(告诉,说)],3337,403,4242,4442,61264

statement(陈述)[aussage],20201,63751

make a ~(作出陈述)[aussagen: ascribe(声称); speak(谈论); state(陈述); tell(告诉,说)],3332,525

state of/affairs(事态)[sachverhalt: ~things(事物的状态)],2—2013,2014,20272—2062,211,2201,3001,30321,4023,40311,41,4122,42,421,42211,425,427,43

~ things(事物的状态)

1.[sachverhalt: ~ affairs],201

2.[sich vermalten: relation(关系); stand, how things],5552

stipulate(规定)[festsetzen],3316,3317,5501

structure(结构)[struktur],2032—2034,215,41211,4122,513,52,522,612,63751

subject(主体)

1.[subjekt],55421,5631—5633,5641

~ -predicate propositions(主谓式命题),41274

2.[träger],6423

3.~ -matter(论题)[von etwas handeln: about(关于); concerned with(涉及); deal with(论及)],6124

subsistent(存在,实存)[bestehen: existence(存在); hold(保持); obtain(得到)],2024,2027,20271

sub specie aeterni(用永恒的观点),645;参照eternity

substance(实体)[substanz],2021,20211,20231

substitut/e(替换,代替),3344,33441,4241,623,624 ~ion, method of,624

successor(后继)[nachfolger],41252,41273

sum(和),参照logical

sum-total(总和)[gesamt: totality(总体),whole(全部)],2063

superstition(迷信),51361

supposition(假定)[annahme],4063

survival(生存)[fortleben],64312

symbol(符号)[symbol],324,331,3317,332,3321,3323,3325,3326,3341,33411,3344,4126,424,431,4465,44661,45,51311,5473,54733,5513—5515,5525,55351,5555,6113,6124,6126

~ ism(符号系统)[symbolismus],44611,5452

syntax(句法),参照logical

system(系统),5475,5555,6341,6372;参照number- ~.

tableau vivant(活动拼装画)[lebendes bild: picture(图像)],40311

talk about(谈论)[von etwas reden: mention(提到)],p2,5641,63432;参照about

tautology(重言式),446—44661,5101,51362,5142,5143,5152,5525,61,612—61203,61221,61231,6124,6126,61262,6127,622,63751

tell(说,告诉)[aussagen: ascribe(声称); speak(谈); state(陈叙); statement(陈述)],6342

term(项)[glied],41273,4442,5232,5252,52522,5501

theory(理论)

1.[lehre: doctrine(学说)],61224

~ of probability(概率论),4464

2.[theorie],41122,55422,6111

~ of classes(类的理论),6031

~ of knowledge(知识论),41121,5541

~ of types(类型论),3331,3332

thing(事物),参照object; state of affairs; state of ~s

1.[ding],11,201—20122,2013,202331,2151,31431,40311,4063,41272,4243,55301,55303,55351,55352,5553,5634,61231

2.[sache],201,215,21514,41272

think(思想,思考)[denken: imagine(想象)],p3,302,303,311,35,4114,4116,54731,5541,5542,561,5631

~ able(可思想的)[denkbar],p3,3001,302,6361;参照unthinkable

thought(思想)[gedanke: idea(观念)],p3,3,301,302,304—31,312,32,35,4,4002,4112,621 ~ -process(思想过程)[denkprozeβ],41121

time(时间),20121,20251,63611,63751,64311,64312

totality(总体)[gesamtheit: sum-total(总和); whole(全部)],11,112,204,205,301,4001,411,452,55262,55561

transcendental(超验的),613,6421

translation(翻译),3343,40141,4025,4243

trule(真,真实)

1.[faktum],5154

2.[wahr],20211,20212,221,222,2222—2225,301,304,305,4022—4024,406—4063,411,425,426,428,431,441,443,4431,4442,446,4461,4464,4466,511,512,5123,513,5131,51363,5512,55262,55352,55563,562,6111,6113,61203,61223,61232,6125,6343;参照correct; right

come ~e(达到真)[stimmen: agreement(符合); right(对的)],5123

~ th-argument(真值主目),501,5101,5152,61203

~ th-combination(真值组合),61203

~ th-condition(真值条件),4431,4442,445—4461,4463

~ th function(真值函项),33441,5,51,5101,5234,52341,53,531,541,544,55,5521,6

~ th-ground(真值基础),5101—5121,515

~ th-operation(真值运算),5234,53,532,541,5442,554

~ th-possibility(真值可能性),43—444,4442,445,446,5101

~ th-value(真值),4063

type(类型),3331,3332,5252,6123;参照prototype

unalterable(不变的)[fest],2023,2026—20271

understand(理解)[verstehen: obvious(明显的); say(说)],3263,4002,4003,402,4021,4024,4026,4243,4411,502,5451,5521,5552,55562,562;参照misunderstanding

make oneself understood(使自己达到理解)[sich verständigen],4026,4062

undetermined(未确定的)[nicht bestimmt],324,4431unit(单元,单位),5155,547321

unnecessary(非必要的),547321

unthinkable(不能设想的),4123

use(用)

1.[gebrauch],3326,4123,41272,4241,6211

~ less(无用的)[nicht gebrancht],3328

2.[verwendung: employment(应用)],3325,4013,61202

validity(有效性),61233;参照general ~

value(价值)[wert],64,641;参照truth- ~

~ of a variable(变项的值),3313,3315—3317,4127,41271,5501,551,552

variable(变项,变数),3312—3317,40411,41271,41272,41273,453,524,5242,52522,5501,6022propositional ~(命题变项)[satzvariable],3313,3317,4126,4127,5502

~ name(变名),3314,41272

~ number(变数),6022

~ proposition(含变项命题)[variablesatz],3315

visualfield(视场),20131,5633,56331,63751,64311

whitehead(怀特海),5252,5452

whole(全部,整个)[gesamt: sum-total(总和); totality(总体)],411,412

will(意志)[wille; wollen],51362,5631,6373,6374,6423,643

wish(希望)[wünschen],6374

word(词)[wort],20122,314,3143,3323,4002,4026,4243,6211;参照concept- ~.

put into ~s(说出来)[aussprechen; unaussprechlich: say(说)],3221,4116,6421,65,6522

world(世界),1—111,113,12,2021—2022,20231,2026,2063,301,312,33421,4014,4023,412,42211,426,4462,5123,54711,5511,5526—55262,5551,55521,56—5633,5641,612,61233,6124,622,6342,63431,6371,6373,6374,641,643,6431,6432,644,645,654;参照description of the ~

wrong(错的)[nicht stimmen: agreement(符合); true(真)],324;参照false

zero-method(置零法),6121

注释

1 译者——指英译者。

2 译文——指英译文。

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